McGill University Thèses et mémoires publiés en 1992

The author analyses the copyright protection of musical compositions in the U.S.A. with regard to the development of new reproduction methods. He argues that the existing copyright law has to be reinterpreted or amended in order to control new technologies in an appropriate way. The possibility to analyze music with computers and to store and reproduce it digitally ("sampling") has not only opened a broad variety of possibilities to use compositions already published for new productions, it also poses new questions for the application of copyright law. The author interprets the existing legislation and adjudication with regard to the possibilities …  Lire la suite

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been raised against $ beta$-tubulin of B. pahangi and A. suum. Anti-B. pahangi MAbs were used to investigate the heterogeneity of tubulins from nematodes and mammals. One-dimensional SDS-PAGE showed that MAbs P3D and 1B6 react with $ beta$-tubulin from a number of filarial and intestinal nematodes, but not with tubulin from protozoan and mammalian cells. Two-dimensional SDS-PAGE demonstrated that MAb P3D recognizes two isoforms of $ beta$-tubulin and 1B6 recognizes one. Limited proteolysis showed that MAb 1B6 reacted with the amino-terminal fragments and MAb P3D with the carboxyl-terminal fragments of $ beta$-tubulin. The effect of anti-B. …  Lire la suite

This is a study of the role of the 'ulama' during the French occupation of Egypt: 1798-1801. Bonaparte penetrated Islamic Egypt, marking the beginnings of the modern era. The French military brilliance dominated the East-West confrontation. Napoleon's military victories were short-lived when prominent 'ulama', whom he thought had been wooed to his side, organized rebellions against him from Al-Azhar. Although his attempt to raise the status of the Egyptian 'ulama' to assist him in governing the people was successful, it was not enough to prevent his own hasty exodus from Egypt. The French left lasting cultural influences in Egypt: the …  Lire la suite

Anti-G. muris monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were obtained from the spleen but not mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells of mice that were immunized with whole or with solubilized trophozoites and from MLN but not spleen cells of infected mice. Of the 40 mAbs tested, 11 were directed against epitopes containing carbohydrates. Two MLN cell derived and 3 spleen cell derived mAbs were found to be cytotoxic to G. muris trophozoites in vitro. One of these mAbs (mAb45C) reduced the average trophozoite burden in injected BALB/ c mice. […]  Lire la suite

A clay-contaminant compatibility study was performed using: (a) two materials: a kaolinitic clay and a 90% fine sand/10% bentonite mixture (S/B); (b) concentrated solutions of two heavy metals--Pb and Zn; and (c) a flexible wall (triaxial cell) and a rigid wall (consolidation cell) permeameter. Compatibility was analyzed in terms of changes in the measured coefficient of hydraulic permeability (k) due to percolation of the concentrated heavy metal solutions, and in terms of the capacity of compacted clays to retain heavy metals. Testing procedures and sample characteristics were kept as similar as possible for two apparatuses as a means of comparing …  Lire la suite

The stringent demands for accuracy in radiosurgery impinge on all aspects of the radiosurgical procedure. A computer program, used to determine target coordinates from planar stereotactic image pairs, has been developed. Digital subtraction angiography images, obtained with a localizer attachment affixed to the stereotactic frame, are analyzed with the program for the localization of certain malformations. During treatment set-up verification, the center of the radiation distribution is determined using portal linear accelerator images of the collimated radiosurgery beam, with the patient in the final treatment position and without removal of the radiosurgical collimator. A custom portal localizer attachment has been …  Lire la suite

This thesis attempts a critical analysis of modern individualism through an examination of its origins in the seventeenth century. In this thesis I discuss the notion of autonomous and self-responsible individuality as a culturally constructed and culturally specific idea. Furthermore, I describe autonomy as only one of a complex of related features of the modern individual, including a withdrawn and objectifying stance toward the natural world, values and other human beings. In this thesis, I examine two seventeenth-century authors--Robert Burton and John Locke--each of whom represents a different conception of individuality. Burton emulates communal conceptions of identity characteristic of the …  Lire la suite

Idziak, Edmund S. (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

It has been observed that the class III bacteriophages Mu and D108 and the class II elements, Tn3, Tn1000, IS101 and Tn951, share the characteristics of replicatively transposing to random positions, producing 5 bp target site duplications and of containing the sequence 5$ sp prime$-PUCGAAAPu-3$ sp prime$ at bp 21 from their ends. These shared characteristics led to the hypothesis that these class III and class II elements evolved from a common ancestor transposon. Functional evidence which supports this hypothesis was obtained using the band retardation and in vivo transposition-mating assays. Mu and D108 transposase proteins were shown to mediate …  Lire la suite

In this thesis, I propose a theory of ergativity in which NP arguments are checked for Case by moving to projections of agreement at LF. The Case-marking pattern of an ergative language arises when transitive subjects move to the projection of agreement usually associated with objects (AGR.o), while transitive objects and intransitive subjects move to the projection of subject agreement (AGR.s). While this proposal assigns the same underlying structure to clauses in an ergative language (unlike Marantz, 1984), it does have distinctive syntactic effects. In this it contrasts with a purely morphological approach to ergativity, such as that of Anderson …  Lire la suite

The present study surveyed occupational therapy clinical supervisors working in a number of university affiliated hospitals in the Montreal area, via a mail questionnaire. Therapists were first asked to rate the importance of behaviours in facilitating student learning during clinical instruction. Then they were asked to report their attendance at continuing education courses on clinical instruction. The relationship between attendance at these courses, number of years of clinical experience and rating of behaviours was investigated. Therapists with few years of clinical experience had a low rate of attendance and rated behaviours as important more frequently. Therapists who attended a course …  Lire la suite

Experiments involving the random insertion of foreign DNA constructs into the genome have frequently had unanticipated but informative consequences. In the Tg4 line of transgenic mice, an hsp68-lacZ transgene caused an insertional mutation of the dystonia musculorum (dt) locus. In the same line, the transgene gained an ectopic expression pattern in the neural tube floor plate. The co-occurence of these events suggested that the dt phenotype of postnatal sensory neuropathy might arise from a primary defect expressed in floor plate cells. To test this hypothesis, the cellular target of the dt mutation was determined by analyzing $dt/dt leftrightarrow +/+$ chimeras, …  Lire la suite

The usefulness of RAPDs (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) to distinguish among different taxa of Lotus was evaluated. The following species were included: L. corniculatus, L. tenuis, L. alpinus, L. japonicus, and L. uliginosus. Several accessions for each species were studied. Following DNA extraction, amplification reactions were performed in a Hybaid DNA Thermal Cycler, and the product visualized according to a standard procedure. Twenty primers were used for each species/accession. Clear bands and several polymorphisms were obtained for all primers. A phenogram was drawn based on the genetic distance among the species. L. alpinus appears as the most distant species from …  Lire la suite

The shrinking core model, including the effect of transient diffusion, non-linear kinetics and non-isothermal effects was solved using finite elements in space and finite differences in time. The method of solution proposed by Murray and Carey was used with some modification to include an adjustable time step. The solution for the first order isothermal case agreed well with the well-known pseudo steady state solution, within the conditions defined by Bischoff. At high dimensionless bulk concentration, the solution differed from the pseudo steady state especially at high Damkohler number (Da $>$ 10) where diffusion was dominating. In the non-linear kinetics case, …  Lire la suite

This thesis examines the link between airborne flux estimates of CO$ sb2$, sensible heat, and water vapor, and surface parameters retrieved by remote sensing. Chapter 1 analyses the relationship between surface temperature and vegetation indices, obtained from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer on board of NOAA-9 and -10 satellites, and fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and CO$ sb2$, estimated from aircraft. Linear relationships between CO$ sb2$ and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or the Simple Ratio vegetation index (SR) are found on a daily basis, but a highly nonlinear relationship appears for the seasonal variation. Latent Heat …  Lire la suite

The effect of interrupted leaf wetness (IWP) and %RH on infection by Cercospora carotae (Pass.) Solh. was studied by inoculating carrot leaves (Daucus carota var sativa DC. L.) and subjecting the plants to different IWP treatment, continuous leaf wetness (CWP) and to different combinations of %RH and temperature with and without an initial wet period of 6 hr. IWP significantly reduced infection as compared to CWP. Infection was optimal under leaf wetness and decreased with decrease in percent RH. The effect of temperature and duration of moist period on sporulation of C. carotae was studied on carrot plants under leaf …  Lire la suite

The ferrichrome-iron receptor of Escherichia coli K-12 encoded by the fhuA gene is a multifunctional outer membrane receptor required for the binding and uptake of ferrichrome and is the receptor for the bacteriophages T5, T1 $ phi$80, and UC-1 as well as for colicin M. The complete nucleotide sequence of the fhuA gene was determined from a 2,902-base-pair fragment of DNA. A single open reading frame was found which translated into a 747-amino acid polypeptide. A signal sequence of 33 amino acids was followed by a mature protein with a molecular weight of 78,992. To identify domains of the protein …  Lire la suite

p56$ sp{ rm lck}$ is a member of the Src-family of tyrosine protein kinases which is abundantly expressed in T lymphocytes. Increasing evidence indicates that p56$ sp{ rm lck}$ participates in T-cell receptor-mediated signalling. Firstly, this enzyme is physically associated with the CD4 and CD8 T-cell surface glycoproteins. CD4 and CD8 are respectively involved in the recognition of major histocompatibility complex class II and class I, that are expressed on antigen presenting cells. Secondly, expression of activated p56$ sp{ rm lck}$ polypeptides in CD4- and CD8-negative T cells has been documented to enhance antigen-induced T-cell responsiveness. To understand the mechanism(s) …  Lire la suite

In both Prometheus Unbound and Hellas Shelley used the drama of Aeschylus as the model for composition. Accordingly, the plays' subtitle "Lyrical Drama" refers to the two major components of Aeschylean drama: the lyrics recited by the chorus and the drama of character dialogue. In taking up this specific literary genre, the poet also inherited a complex model of the socio-political system of ancient Greece, with which the dramatists had been able to explore contemporary issues. Through various means, Shelley adapted Aeschylean drama to his own language and style, using the genre's inherent capacity for social critique to examine the …  Lire la suite

Neufeld, Ronald (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

It is well accepted that papain and cathepsin B work by stabilizing the transition state of the substrate formed during catalysis. This species carries a formal negative charge which, in the serine proteases family, is stabilized by an oxyanion hole formed by the enzyme. The same structure has been proposed to exist for cysteine proteases. Because the side chain of a Gln residue contributes one stabilizing hydrogen bond to the transition state in the oxyanion hole of papain and cathepsin B, site directed mutagenesis was used in this work to change this residue to Ala and Ser. It was found …  Lire la suite

Recovery from alcohol problems without treatment is a subject that has received little attention in the addictions literature. This study used media advertising to solicit people who had resolved a drinking problem on their own. The research used a semi-structured interview as a basis for a qualitative analysis of the phenomenon of recovery without treatment. Attention was focused on reasons offered for resolving a problem and factors involved in maintenance of that resolution. Rccovery methods used by these subjects are compared with those commonly recommended by most treatment programs, including Alcoholics Anonymous. The issues of labelling and acceptance are also …  Lire la suite

The possibility for different kinds of adopters, along Rogers' (1962) categorization, to display different preference patterns regarding a product's features, is investigated. The moderating role of diffusion-related variables, namely a product's newness and the extent of interpersonal communication, is assessed. It is hypothesized that a respondent's evaluation of product descriptions can be influenced by the diffusion context which characterizes them. An attempt is made to show that such a context can be used to elicit different "best product" alternatives for different stages of the adoption curve and, prior to market introduction, can help predict time-dependent changes to be made to …  Lire la suite

The Employment Equity Act obliges employers to undertake affirmative action to combat employment discrimination. On October 31st, 1991, a Parliamentary Committee was appointed to review the EEA and make recommendations for its improvement. This thesis assesses the EEA within the historical context of discrimination remedies. The thesis argues that the solution to systemic discrimination in employment cannot consist merely of measures that increase the representation of minorities in the workplace. Rather, the solution must also include measures designed to change traditional attitudes and stereotypes about the employment of minority groups, whether these attitudes take the from of prejudice, paternalism, or …  Lire la suite

This thesis examines the influence of definiteness and movement on Mohawk free word order from the perspective of Government and Binding Theory. On the one hand, Mohawk data show that the relative order of NP's with respect to the verb does not determine definiteness and that the particle ne is not a definite determiner, the language lacking this type of "pure" marker for this feature, all of which contradicts previous claims. It is argued that pragmatic considerations will determine the interpretation of nominals. On the other hand, the evidence shows that there is no movement operation in the production of …  Lire la suite

An experimental study was made of the fabrication of a Se-CdO photovoltaic cell, with particular emphasis on the d.c. reactive sputtering process for depositing the CdO window layer using a mixed gas method. It was found that variations of the sputtering conditions had a great influence on the cell photovoltaic performance. Optimum values of the sputtering parameters of current, pressure and gas flow rate were determined and the effect of variation of the oxygen/argon ratio in the sputtering gas flow was studied. The condition of the surface of the cadmium target was also found to play an important role in …  Lire la suite

The first part of this thesis studies numerically the effects that the surface conditions, defects and backflow have on the relaxation phenomena after cessation of simple shear flow for a typical rigid rod nematic polymer. The Leslie-Ericksen continuum theory and the Euler-Lagrange equations for surface motion are derived and used for this purpose. Predictions are found to be physically consistent. Nematic polymers, under certain conditions, develop a transient banded texture after cessation of shear flow when observing the sheared sample between crossed polars. The second part of this thesis presents a viscoelastic model that describes the formation mechanism of this …  Lire la suite

The objective of this study is to demonstrate differences between erythroid and nonerythroid iron metabolism. Erythroid specific gene expression for transferrin receptor (TfR) which is a transporter of transferrin-bound iron, and for ferrochelatase which uses internalized iron to form heme, is found in dimethylsulfoxide-inducible murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. During MEL cell differentiation which parallels erythroid differentiation in vivo, TfR mRNA increases resulting from transcriptional activation of the gene and increased mRNA stability while ferrochelatase mRNA level increases with a 2.7 kb mRNA being induced preferentially. Such preferential induction is effected by utilization of an upstream polyadenylation signal. TfR-deficient Chinese hamster …  Lire la suite

Studies into the calmodulin content and activity of tissues from hypertensive and normotensive rats and mice have shown the existence of a factor which potentiates calmodulin's capability to stimulate Ca$ sp{2+}/$CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase (CaM-PDE) and which is detected more in hypertensive animals. This CaM-PDE activator is present in the heart, kidney, erythrocytes, and aortic smooth muscle cells. The augmentation of the CaM-PDE activator is found, as well, in human hypertensives. CaM-PDE activator content is modulated by dietary calcium and sodium. Physicochemical and biochemical characterization of the activator reveal it to be a heat-stable, hydrophobic, protease-sensitive factor with a molecular mass of …  Lire la suite

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a highly glycosylated cell surface glycoprotein which has recently been demonstrated to behave as a Ca$ sp{++}$-independent intracellular adhesion molecule. In order to study the effects of carbohydrates on the intercellular adhesion function of CEA, we have transfected the functional cDNA of CEA into wild type and glycosylation mutant cells Lec1, Lec2, and Lec8. Aggregation assays of cells in suspension were performed with stable CEA transfectants of these cell lines and showed that all of the aberrant CEA glycoforms could still mediate adhesion, and that the specificity of adhesion of these glycoforms was not altered. Lec1 …  Lire la suite

Al-Si-Mg alloys containing 7% silicon are the most widely used aluminum foundry alloys owing to their good mechanical properties and excellent castability. Nevertheless, design engineers traditionally apply a design casting factor when designing cast components to ensure that proper strength will be obtained in spite of the recent emergence of techniques of control of the molten alloy quality on which depend, afterwards, the mechanical properties of the castings. In this study, the feasibility of using electrical conductivity to non-destructively predict secondary dendrite arm spacing was investigated on both as-cast and heat treated alloys. In the as-cast condition, conductivity decreases linearly …  Lire la suite

To identify the genetic mechanisms underlying the cell specific expression displayed by the rat 5-hydroxytryptamine$ sb{ rm 1A}$ (5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$) receptor, over 3.2-Kb of 5$ sp prime$-flanking region were sequenced and characterized. A unique transcription initiation site was detected at -967 bp 5$ sp prime$ to the translation initiation codon (+1 bp) and was specific to hippocampal tissues which are known to strongly express 5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ receptors. By sequence analysis, a TATA consensus sequence was identified 58 bp upstream to the transcription initiation site and several other cis-acting elements were also observed. To assess potential transcriptional …  Lire la suite

This thesis examines Quebec public opinion towards the Spanish Civil War. It is based on a systematic analysis of editorials and articles from ten Montreal-based newspapers, representing divergent points of view. It suggests that, contrary to the popular interpretation, Quebec francophones did not unanimously support General Franco during the war; nor did all of the province's anglophones endorse the cause of the Spanish Popular Front. Support for General Franco and the Spanish Republic in Montreal transcended linguistic lines, and cleavages other than language, such as religion, ideology and social class, influenced public opinion towards the war.  Lire la suite

Parmi les difficultés rencontrées aujourd'hui dans les ~les secondaires en Irlande l'insouciance est pour certains de voir l'importance d'étudier des langues modernes tels l'allemand, l'italien et l'espagnol. Malgré que l'enseignement des langues traditionnelles en lrlande, l'anglais et le français sont assures dans les écoles secondaires professionnelles et collégiales, l'allemand, l'espagnol et l’italien sont offerts par quelques écoles seulement. Cette lacune pourrait entraîner de sérieuses conséquences sur l'économie et l’éducation avec la venue en 1993 d'un seul marche a l'intérieur de la communauté européenne, les étudiants irlandais ne pourront possiblement pas concurrencer pour les emplois avec leurs pairs européens. […]  Lire la suite

Intercontinental similarities in microblade technology have long been used as evidence in support of the hypothesis that human populations migrated from East Asia to northwestern North America during the late Pleistocene. This study synthesizes the available data in an effort to provide a preliminary overview of this technological tradition. Comparative analysis reveals that wedge-shaped cores from Chinese Upper Paleolithic assemblages, the Dyuktai Culture of eastern Siberia, Japan, and the American Paleo-Arctic Tradition of Alaska share many similarities in the selection of raw materials, core morphology, platform preparation and rejuvenation, and edge angle variation. However, it also reveals that Alaskan wedge-shaped …  Lire la suite

The importance of the residence time distribution (RTD) in polymer extrusion has been recognized for along time, however, it is very difficult to measure. In this project, an optical on-line RTD measurement technique based on extrudate transmittance changes was investigated. A He-Ne laser beam was the light source, and carbon black was the tracer and detection was performed by a photomultiplier. The RTD of a ZSK-30 twin-screw extruder was measured with and without an in-line rheometer installed. Various operating conditions were used to examine their effects on the RTD curve. It was found that the mean residence time of the …  Lire la suite

In this thesis, several simple and accurate techniques applicable to the analyses of diffused slab and channel optical waveguide are discussed. A zero-gap coupler type single-mode optical wavelength division demultiplexer by K$ sp+$-ion exchange in glass is proposed. The detailed device property studies based upon our own characterization results on soda-lime glass materials are carried out by the effective index method (EIM) and beam propagation method (BPM). To overcome the fabrication difficulties under the present state of art, some improved device structures are also discussed.  Lire la suite

Breuleux, Alain (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

The soil thermal regime is important to the soil and plant environment, being an influential factor in determining many processes in soil. Changes in soil bulk density, soil surface reflectance and soil temperature changes with depth and time were studied theoretically and experimental as a function of variable soil properties, soil surface state, crop cover and atmospheric conditions. A field experiment was carried out on sandy and clayey soils with each plot being subjected to a consistent tillage and fertilizer history of either conventional ploughing, reduced energy disking or zero tillage, and fresh dairy manure or manufactured inorganic fertilizer. The …  Lire la suite

A collagenolytic enzyme fraction was isolated from the hepatopancreas of the lobster (Homarus americanus) and semi-purified by the successive steps of acetone precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography on Mono Q column, followed by gel filtration on a Superdex 75 column or by preparative isoelectric focusing using a Rotofor cell. Semi-purified collagenase fractions from the lobster hepatopancreas was electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels both in the presence or absence of SDS, and shown to have molecular weights ranging from 15,000-66,000. The enzymatically active peak 1 fraction from the isoelectric focusing step in the Rotofor cell migrated as a single band …  Lire la suite

The distillation of sea water is of importance for the future demands for potable water and other uses in the world. A novel technique, based on electrohydrodynamic (EHD) principles, was used in this realm to desalinate artificial sea water of 3.3% (w/V) concentration. A single point corona electrode was operated at a potential of 5.3 kV (maximum output current 0.3 mA), and was installed one cm over the surface of sea water. The flux of air ions was about 3.0 $ times$ 10$ sp{12}$ cm$ sp{-2}$ s$ sp{-1}$ which produced an average electric wind of 1.72 m s$ sp{-1}$ at …  Lire la suite

Using the Generalized Likelihood (GL) principle, a receiver structure of relatively low complexity is developed for indoor wireless communication channels. The receiver, which is robust against channel models, provides a performance close to optimal in the GL sense. The GL receiver combines naturally both channel estimation and data detection and therefore it is ideal for transmission systems which operate over unknown channels. The effects of multipath induced intersymbol interference (ISI) on the channel estimation process are mitigated by employing the technique of commutation signaling. In addition, by union bounding technique, it is shown that with sufficient bandwidth expansion, the probability …  Lire la suite

This thesis deals with the problem of applying computer vision techniques in an underground mine environment. In particular, the problem of the localization and identification of oversized rock fragments prior to secondary breakage, following the initial drilling and blasting operation is addressed. The strategy employed is based on the methodologies developed for reconstruction and interpretation of range image data. Discrete rock pile images acquired using the NRCC/McGill laser rangefinder were used in this study. The main contribution of this thesis is the complete study of the paradigm which involves: range data acquisition, surface reconstruction, segmentation, and fitting of parametric shape …  Lire la suite

A kinetic study on the thermal decomposition of 2,2-dichloro-3-(9-fluorenyl) episulfide (28) was investigated in detail. Solid evidence as to the nature of the desulfurization process is given. A two-term rate equation is derived to account for the overall rate changes. Both a unimolecular and bimolecular ionic mechanism involving the concatenation of sulfur atoms was proposed to account for the observed kinetic behaviour. An extended study in 15 different solvents at different temperatures showed the desulfurization is ionic in nature. Activation parameters were calculated and rationalized with respect to differences in solvation of the ground and transition states. A linear isokinetic …  Lire la suite

U-Pb ages were determined on single grains of monazite and xenotime as well as small populations of rutile from amphibolite to granulite facies metasediments of the Quebec Gneiss Segment of the Grenville Province in an area extending 45 to 135 km south of the Grenville Front in La Verendrye Park, Quebec. Recent geochronological studies include Pb-isotope ratios of metamorphic minerals corresponding to ages of 2.5 to 2.65 Ga and U-Pb monazite ages to 2649 to 2655 Ma, which define a lower discordia intercept of approximately 1.01 Ga. Recent thermobarometric studies indicate the presence of two metamorphic episodes in the region. …  Lire la suite

In Islamic societies, religion plays a significant role in shaping the home and the environment. An important feature of the Islamic culture is the segregation of women from males other than next of kin. This aspect has given rise to the separation of domains for men and women, both in the home and the neighbourhood. And this duality of space in turn reinforces the seclusion and segregation of women. This thesis studies this phenomenon in rural settlements in South Asia in regions where Muslims predominate and also in non-Muslim areas influenced by centuries of Muslim rule. The living patterns of …  Lire la suite

Quantitative and functional methods were used to assess in vivo changes in NK cell numbers and function in the spleen and bone marrow of mice (1) bearing a congenital immune-deficiency, (2) transiently reared (1 month) in a low pathogen environment, (3) bearing early and late-stage hemopoietic tumor and (4) administered the NK cell stimulants rIL-2 and/or indomethacin. The results of the present thesis demonstrate that the above conditions result in alteration of (1) central bone marrow production, (2) turnover, (3) trafficking and (4) lytic function of NK cells. Briefly there was an enhanced production and turnover of NK cells in …  Lire la suite

Kamal, M. R. (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

In order to test the hypotheses: (1) that the digestive absorption of fluoride (F) is affected by the presence of aluminum (Al), and (2) that the distribution of F absorbed among organs/tissues is affected by Al, 36 American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were randomly divided into 6 groups of 6, and given oral doses daily for 30 days according to the following scheme: (1) deionized water only, (2) 30 mg/kg F$ sp-$, (3) 24 mg/kg F$ sp-$, (4) 24 mg/kg Al$ sp{3+}$, (5) 30 mg/kg F$ sp-$ + 24 mg/kg Al$ sp{3+},$ (6) 24 mg/kg F$ sp-$ + 24 mg/kg Al$ …  Lire la suite