McGill University Thèses et mémoires publiés en 1996

Social workers are increasingly being called upon to work with clients who wish to have a child but are unable to do so without medical intervention. This study, a cross-sectional survey design, examines the attitudes of couples towards donor insemination (DI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), contractual pregnancy, adoption and living child free. A random sample of 200 names was drawn from the membership of the Infertility Awareness Association of Canada, Toronto Chapter. Surveys were completed by 74 participants (37 couples). Participants were generally well educated, affluent and ranged in age from 26 to 63 years. Women were one third more …  Lire la suite

The thesis "Tuba: an African eschatology in Islam" adopts afrocentric hypotheses for the study of Islam. First, the thesis demonstrates how certain phenomena specific to Islam in Africa, those usually qualified as products of religious syncretism, are on the contrary indicative of the ongoing process of synthesis and enrichment within Islam, and, secondly, that African spiritual tradition continues today as in the past to participate along with others in this constructive process. In order to demonstrate this hypothesis the spiritual significance of the modern Islamic holy city of Touba in Senegal will be analyzed. Touba is named for the Tree …  Lire la suite

The splotch (sp) mutation has been identified as a mutation in the paired box gene, Pax-3. Heterozygous mice carrying this mutation are phenotypically normal, with the exception of a white spot on their bellies. Homozygous embryos do not live to birth, and suffer from a wide range of developmental defects, all of which result from delayed neural tube closure, or inadequate neural crest cell migration. Most notably, homozygotes have an increased rate of spina bifida with or without exencephaly. Retinoic acid (RA), which has been shown to be very important in the development of a number of systems, was shown …  Lire la suite

In order to investigate if the ERG could be used to monitor the function of the retina as it is adapting to a new luminous environment, we measured the impact of pre-exposure to a bright luminous environment on the electrical response of the retina recorded (1) immediately after closure of this bright background luminance (i.e., at the onset of dark adaptation) and (2) immediately after a reduction of the background luminance from a brighter to a dimmer level. Our experimental approach resulted in highly significant and transient modifications in the amplitudes and in the peak times of most of the …  Lire la suite

The objectives of this work were to investigate and improve impregnation of regular (2-8mm thickness range) black spruce wood chips in CMP-AQ pulping. Impregnation and pulping experiments were performed while varying several pulping parameters. Experiments were analyzed in terms of yield, lignin content, percent screen rejects, and strength properties. The goal was to determine optimum pulping conditions that would improve chemical impregnation. Impregnation is a function of percent screen rejects: well impregnated chips have fewer rejects. Cooking temperature and cooking time were held constant in all experiments at 170$ sp circ$C and 30 minutes, respectively. The liquor pH was adjusted …  Lire la suite

In this thesis entitled "Guy de Maupassant: l'engendrement du romanesque", the author proposes to demonstrate that Maupassant's six novels constitute a "trajectory", a progression driven and informed by an underlying logic. Proceeding from a psychoanalytical point of view, the author has uncovered another novel, an unspoken novel, that unfolds with Maupassant's novelistic production. This "other novel" expresses the engendering of the subject, which can be defined as the son-subject's liberation from the primal maternal dominion, thanks to the process of identification with the father. Maupassant's six novels mark various stages in this trajectory. The primal novel Une vie establishes the …  Lire la suite

Beginning with the premise that all literary texts are rhetorical in nature, this thesis explores the impact of the persuasive function in Romain Gary's Le grand vestiaire from the perspective of his poetics, defined in Pour Sganarelle. The analysis of typical narrative, descriptive and dialogal techniques used by the author brings to the fore at once the textual sites in which Gary's central precept, the univocity of meaning, is upheld, and the presence of ambiguities that undermine it. Likewise, the analysis of the novel's socio-historical context highlights its ideological dimensions, which is both inherent to the work and responsible for …  Lire la suite

This doctoral thesis describes a program of research that investigated the social psychological consequences of being a victim of discrimination. A series of four experiments with women, Asians, and Blacks examined how disadvantaged group numbers perceive the discrimination that confronts them. These experiments first established that disadvantaged group members sometimes perceive discrimination but more often, minimize the discrimination that is directed at them personally. Second, the results explain why disadvantaged group members are inclined to minimize their personal experience with discrimination, Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrate that by minimizing discrimination, disadvantaged group members protect their state self-esteem in the social …  Lire la suite

The access of commercial farm workers in Zimbabwe to resources such as wages and land has been strongly influenced by the spatial inscriptions of modernity in state administrative practices that emerged along with the international concerns of “development” in the 1940s. Marginalized by the dominant narratives of modernization within colonial development policies that focused on “African peasants” and “urban African workers,” farm workers were officially viewed less as a Government responsibility and more as a domestic responsibility of white farmers. In this thesis, I discuss this form of governance on commercial farms which I call “domestic government” - “domestic” in …  Lire la suite

Overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and fluid to particle heat transfer coefficient (h$ sb{ rm fp}$) in canned liquid/particle mixtures, subjected to end-over-end processing, were experimentally evaluated. A methodology was developed to measure heat transfer coefficients, while allowing the movement of the particle inside the can, by attaching it to a flexible fine wire thermocouple. Heat transfer coefficients were evaluated under two conditions: (1) with a single particle in the can, (2) with multiple particles in the can. In the single particle experiments, a spherical particle was used to evaluate the influence of system parameters and product parameters on associated …  Lire la suite

To investigate the localization and targeting of sodium channels in neurons, an efficient means of gene delivery will need to be established. Two amplicon-based viral approaches and a recombinant whole virus approach were attempted in order to package and express RIIA sodium channel tagged with a c-myc epitope (RIIA-myc) with the ultimate purpose of developing a Herpes virus-based model system for targeting studies. Immunofluorescent staining of transfected epithelial cells was carried out to demonstrate that constructs created for use in these HSV-based approaches were capable of a high level of expression of RIIA-myc. Measurements of $ beta$-galactosidase reporter gene expression …  Lire la suite

Nondestructive evaluation of the structural integrity of shaft and tunnel concrete linings is the focus of this thesis. A nondestructive testing system was assembled based on the principle of miniature seismic reflection (MSR). The MSR system consists of spherical tip impactors and a pair of vertical and tangential displacement transducers. Mechanical impact causes generation of stress P- and S-waves in the test object. The elastic waveforms undergo multiple reflections between the top and bottom of the testing layer. The surface displacements are captured by a vertical and tangential displacement transducer. The signals are transformed from time domain waveforms to frequency …  Lire la suite

The Kwandonkaya complex is one of the Mesozoic Nigerian Younger Granite complexes, which belong to the within-plate A-type granite spectrum. The complex, comprised of three main intrusive centers, contains subvolcanic rocks, plutonic rocks, and localized occurrences of altered granite. In this study, the field, petrographic and mineral chemical characteristics of the complex are investigated, a model of evolution of the subvolcanic rocks is formulated, and the mode of genesis of the parental melt are proposed. The Fe-rich mafic minerals documented in the subvolcanic rocks suggest a comagmatic suite, and low f(O$ sb2)$ at the time of crystallization (ca. QFM). The …  Lire la suite

The trend in medical education and in general, among health professionals, is based, on the current changes of health systems aimed to improve relevance equity, and cost effectiveness of health care. With respect to human health resources, there is lack of agreement among the competence level, performance and the needs of both the system using them and the target population. Therefore, it is important and necessary to consider both the community and health services as partners in the task of defining these changes and in the provision of health services to meet the above mentioned criteria. The main purpose of …  Lire la suite

The selective success of women in traditionally male dominated fields is identified as a paradox whose explanation will have implications for the issue of the under representation of women in science and engineering programs. Trends in degree attainment by sex science and engineering are examined in the context of degree attainment in all traditionally male dominated degree programs in order to generate empirically based hypotheses. Because research designs in use for quantitative data in sociology are much better designed to test hypotheses than to generate new ones, an important aspect of this study is its development of a new analytical …  Lire la suite

A partially purified chlorophyllase, obtained from alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum, was assayed for its hydrolytic activity towards the pheophytin in ternary micellar systems of hexane/Tris-HCl/surfactant. A wide range of surfactants, sorbitans (Span 20, 40, 60, 80 and 85) and polysorbates (Tween 20, 40, 60, 80 and 85), was used. The use of either 50 $ mu$M of Span 85 or 1 $ mu$M of Tween 80 increased the hydrolytic activity of chlorophyllase by 110 and 23%, respectively. The optimum values of pH, enzyme content, incubation time and temperature for the hydrolytic activity of chlorophyllase were determined as 8.25, 8 $ mu$g …  Lire la suite

In the aftermath of the succession of abortive planning schemes and the indiscriminate destruction of war (1975-1991), it is the self-inflicted pattern of destruction that has caused the most damage to the urban fabric of Beirut, Lebanon: the reconstruction process itself. Through the examination of pre- and postwar plans and strategies, this study establishes destruction as a framework in the urban history of Beirut. The eradication of cultural heritage and urban memory is evident in the demolition of half the city fabric and the privatization of reconstruction, and continues through the implementation of the proposed market-led rebuilding strategy. This thesis …  Lire la suite

Since its earliest appearance, the word $ tau upsilon rho alpha nu nu acute iota varsigma$ referred to absolute rule obtained in defiance of any constitution that existed previously. In early Greek lyric poetry, tyranny is represented as a divine blessing, but one that meets with opposition against the tyrant and puzzlement at the behaviour of the gods. In Archilochus and elsewhere tyrannical ambition is termed eros. The common property that makes both tyranny and beauty objects of eros is luminosity: As the 'radiance' $ rm( lambda alpha mu pi rho acute o tau eta varsigma)$ of beauty is to …  Lire la suite

Recently, robotic technology has begun to play an important role in forestry operations. An important class of forestry machines is comprised of systems equipped with a mobile platform fitted with an articulated arm carrying a tree processing head. The dynamics of such systems are needed for simulation and control purposes. In contrast to conventional industrial manipulators, which are mounted on stationary bases, a mobile manipulator is dynamically coupled with its base. Base compliance, non-linearity and coupled dynamics result in positioning inaccuracies which in turn give rise to control problems. The dynamics of the FERIC forwarder forestry machine including its compliant …  Lire la suite

A large organization that has many projects to manage may want to build a model that gives an overview of the common and variable parts of its projects' processes. This action is process model generalisation. The McGill Software Engineering Laboratory has developed a technique and a tool to achieve that. The work described in this thesis consisted of reengineering the tool to give it a longer life expectancy and to make it part of a future client-server architecture suitable for developing a suite of process management tools. The tool was effectively reengineered and this helped the laboratory define the architecture …  Lire la suite

Biosorption, a process of passive metal binding to biomass, may be used for purification of metal bearing effluents. This work investigates the binding of heavy metal ions (Cd, Cu, Zn), light metal ions (Ca, Na) and protons to biomass of the brown alga Sargassum. The mechanism of metal binding was confirmed to be ion exchange. A novel multi-component sorption isotherm model for cation binding was derived to aid in predicting the biosorption performance of the new biosorbent. This model considers chemical binding to free sites on the biomass and ion exchange (1:2 stoichiometry for divalent ions). It is based on …  Lire la suite

ET sc A is expressed predominantly in myocardium and smooth muscle. Fusion plasmids of luciferase and the 5$ sp prime$ flanking region of the human ET sc A gene were transfected into rat vascular smooth muscle cells (A10), primary cultures of porcine aortic smooth muscle cells (PSMC), a pluripotential embryonal cell (P19) induced to differentiate to a myocyte lineage, and COS7 cells. Binding studies showed no ET receptors in COS7 while the others expressed high levels of ET sc A. Mock transfected cells expressed negligible levels of luciferase activity (RLU). Transfection with the region $-$848 to +92 bp of ETA …  Lire la suite

Late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Montreal witnessed the proliferation of parks and playgrounds. Products of urban capitalist development, these deeply ideological spaces, inscribed with different gender, class, ethnic, and sexual meanings, are the subject of this thesis. Moving from the scenic park to the neighbourhood park to the playground, this study examines the relationship among the power to construct a space, the values inscribed in it, and a system of regulation designed to either bar the less powerful or eject those who challenged these values. It links the uneven development of parks and playgrounds in Montreal to the unequal power …  Lire la suite

In laboratory-scale flumes, flows of dry granular material develop roll waves under certain flow conditions. Water-saturated debris flows formed in a large-scale flume (95 m x 2 m) designed by the U.S. Geological Survey also exhibit roll waves. This work explores the characteristics of these waves. It focuses primarily on the wave profile and speed. Using a discontinuous theoretical solution of the shallow water wave equations, it is possible to predict wave speed, depth and period and to compare these values to the experimental results from both systems. The theoretical solution assumes that the discontinuous roll wave profiles can be …  Lire la suite

The high incidence of pulmonary disease in critically ill patients necessitates new and improved techniques for pulmonary monitoring and thoracic imaging. To investigate pulmonary monitoring techniques using pressure and flow signals, I developed a comprehensive computational model of subjects breathing spontaneously or with the support of an assist-ventilator. The model was used to quantitatively assess measurement techniques for dynamic intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP$ rm sb{i})$ and inspiratory work of breathing. The results demonstrate that some means of correction for both expiratory muscle activity and cardiogenic oscillations on esophageal pressure is necessary if dynamic PEEP$ rm sb{i}$ and work of …  Lire la suite

The gene designated Pom-1 is a new mouse gene identified in the region of the Gin-1 common proviral integration site. The origin of the Gin-1 region has been described elsewhere (Villemur et al., 1987). The novel Pom-1 gene is testis-specific and encodes two major RNA species of 1.0 and 1.2 kbp. Our data have revealed that there is no clear evidence to suggest that Pom-1 is involved in the tumorigenic pathway that resulted in the Gross Passage A Murine leukemia virus-induced thymomas. The pattern of expression of Pom-1 was studied by a time course Northern blot, the STAPUT cell separation …  Lire la suite

Siboo, R. (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

Kremer, Richard (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

Touchburn, S. P. (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

The work reported in this thesis mainly involved the development, implementation, and testing of mathematical models and numerical solution methods for computer simulations of temporally and spatially periodic, fully-developed, laminar and turbulent flows in rectangular interrupted-plate ducts. A relatively limited complementary experimental investigation was also undertaken to measure vortex-shedding frcquencies for turbulent flows in the ducts of interest. The fluid flows considered in this work are characterized by the Reynolds number, Re, and four geometric parameters: The dimensionless streamwise length and half-thickness of the plates, L/H and $ delta /H$, respectively; the nondimensiond streamwise inter-plate spacing, s/H; and the aspect …  Lire la suite

Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of amebiasis. Activated macrophages are the main host effector cells in host defence against E. histolytica, through the production of nitric oxide (NO) which is cytotoxic for the parasite. NO is upregulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$ alpha$) produced by macrophages. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of amebic components on TNF-$ alpha$ and NO production by macrophages. Soluble E. histolytica proteins stimulated naive macrophages for enhanced TNF-$ alpha$ mRNA expression through PKC signal transduction. E. histolytica-induced TNF-$ alpha$ mRNA expression was unstable, and macrophages pretreated …  Lire la suite

Galaty, J. (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

Paidoussis, Michael P. (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

The influence of psychological status on recovery from a first lifetime episode of acute low-back pain was assessed in compensated workers seen in a physiatry clinic. One hundred thirty-four participants of a back school intervention trial were selected and followed for 1 year. The objectives were to determine the evolution of psychological distress, well-being, pain, self-reported disability and spinal flexibility, and to determine the psychological factors associated with return to work and recurrence. Improvement occurred post-treatment in all measures except well-being which did not fluctuate over the year. Additional improvement in functional disability occurred at 6 and 12 months. Using …  Lire la suite

This study examines the forms and meanings of tensed and non-tensed clauses in English, and proposes an analysis of them that is 'Reichenbachian' in spirit and syntactic in orientation. The study considers tensed verb forms in simple sentences, focussing on 'present', 'future', and 'perfect' forms and their interaction with adverbials of temporal location; and those in complement, relative, and temporal clause constructions. It also considers three types of non-tensed verb forms--infinitives, gerunds, and 'bare infinitives'--in verb complements. The study demonstrates that the interpretation of tensed and non-tensed forms can be described in terms of Reichenbach's (1947) temporal schemata, which express …  Lire la suite

Manganese and iron are two major alloying elements in various aluminum products. Since these elements have high melting points and low diffusivities in molten aluminum, their dissolution rates are very slow, when they are added to aluminum melts. In order to improve the kinetics of dissolution, several alloying methods have been introduced. All methods of alloying use mechanical stirring of some form or other to enhance dissolution rates by promoting forced convective mass transfer. In the present study, a comparison between the kinetics of dissolution of iron and manganese when added to the melt as discrete alloying particles or as …  Lire la suite

Three related studies were carried out to understand better the physical properties, cellular function, and means to prepare artificially proteins 'anchored' to membranes by two hydrophobic chains. The first study entailed the development of efficient methodologies to conjugate antibody Fab$ sp prime$ fragments to suitable lipid 'anchors' in liposomes, to allow for the targeted delivery of liposome-associated materials to cells expressing the appropriate cell surface determinant. To monitor the production of Fab$ sp prime$ fragments bearing reactive thiol groups, we developed a maleimide-polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugate 'thiol reagent' for use in an SDS-PAGE mobility shift assay. Optimizing conditions for Fab$ …  Lire la suite

Nine tympanometric measures were examined in 68 normal ears and 14 ears with surgically confirmed otosclerosis. Two parameters, static admittance and tympanometric width, were derived from standard low frequency tympanometry and two parameters, resonant frequency and frequency corresponding to admittance phase angle of 45$ sp circ$ (F45$ sp circ),$ were derived from multifrequency, multicomponent tympanometry. The results show the advantage of multifrequency, multicomponent tympanometry over standard low frequency tympanometry in differentiating otosclerotic ears from normal ears. In particular, for identifying high impedance pathologies, the present findings support the use of sweep frequency (SF) recording for measuring resonant frequency and frequency …  Lire la suite

Sadr al-Din Qunavi (605/1207-673AH/1274 CE)--stepson and pupil of Ibn $ rm sp{c}$Arabi (d. 638 AH/1240 CE)--played a pivotal role in the development of Islamic intellectual history. His contributions in the medieval period helped alter the course of mystico-philosophical tradition, which was then flourishing from Asia Minor and Persia to the major learning centers of the Arabic-speaking world. His importance was largely due to the complex mystical doctrine he expounded in the light of Ibn Sina's critique of knowledge. The age-old dilemma of knowledge was encapsulated in a famous declaration by Ibn Sina--the rationalist philosopher--who asserted that man is incapable of …  Lire la suite

The Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) has been used to investigate the effects of Gulf of Mexico sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on the regional climate. Three sets of experiments have been performed, each consisting of a control run and with two different imposed Gulf SST anomalies. The first is a uniform increase or decrease of the SST by 5K over the entire Gulf. The second and third experiments use 5K SST anomalies of smaller extent, characteristic of warm core rings shed off the Loop Current in the Gulf. The experiments are carried out for either 15 or 30 days, …  Lire la suite

The endemic New Zealand frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri, is characterized by variable numbers of mitotically-stable B chromosomes. In order to assess whether the B chromosomes had been derived from the autosome complement, B DNA was isolated and amplified by micromanipulation in conjunction with degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR. Southern hybridization patterns of B DNA probes to genomic DNA from males and females characterized by differing numbers of B's demonstrated that the B chromosomes were derived from the univalent W chromosome which is specific to females. The presence of homologous B specific sequences in B chromosomes from geographically-distinct populations show that only a single …  Lire la suite

Expression of APP (amyloid precursor protein) during brain development, specific expression of APP 695 isoform in neurons, and the degeneration of cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease point to the important physiological function of APP in nervous system development and metabolism. We studied the regulation of APP mRNA expression in NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cells which had been induced to differentiate in the presence of dibutyryl cAMP. APP mRNA levels gradually increased concomitant with the appearance of differentiated features. In the present studies, Northern blot analysis showed a 3.1 fold increase in APP expression at day 6 of dibutyryl cAMP treatment …  Lire la suite

In (48, 47) a pattern-independent method to estimate the switching activity of a CMOS circuit was presented. The technique relies on the use of abstract waveforms, described down to the level of individual transitions, which are propagated through the circuit. In order to improve the switching activity estimate so obtained, case analysis is undertaken on nodes with large fanout. The objective of this thesis is to develop and implement a method to further improve upon the switching activity estimate through consideration of reconvergent fanout regions in the circuit. The idea is to impose functional consistency upon the waveforms at the …  Lire la suite

This qualitative research study explores female circumcision within the Canadian community perspective. Issues examined in the literature review include: the historical background of the practice, its cultural and religious implications, its effects on health, existing social pressures to continue or discontinue the practice and the subjective constructions of majority and minority identities, perspectives and interactions in Canada's multicultural society. For the purposes of this study majority/minority relations are explored in terms of the interactions between an immigrant community from a FC practicing country and the mainstream community in Canada. The Somali community has been chosen for this case study as …  Lire la suite

Interactions among zinc deficiency, energy restriction, immunity and Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) infection in mice were investigated. Mice were fed zinc-sufficient (Zn+: 60mg zinc/kg diet), zinc-deficient (Zn$-$: 0.75 mg/kg) or pair-fed (PF) diets. Liver and serum zinc concentrations were reduced in Zn$-$ mice, but zinc content of worms was unaffected by host diet. Both zinc deficiency and energy restriction accelerated worm maturation during a primary infection, but zinc deficiency caused stunting of female worms. Energy restriction led to a anteriorad distribution of worms along the intestine whereas zinc deficiency led to a posteriorad distribution. Enhanced parasite survival in Zn$-$ and PF …  Lire la suite

A series of small mud mounds are exposed in the McConnell and Miette thrust sheets on the southern flank of the Miette reef complex. They occur on the southeastward inclined carbonate clinoforms of the late Frasnian Arcs Member. These mounds are rooted on marine, argillaceous lime mudstones and are surrounded by lime mudstones of several prograding clinoforms of the upper Arcs Member or dolomitic siltstones of the lower Ronde Member. Mounds are approximately 17 to 36 m high and 32 to 81 m wide and columnar to domal in shape. The lower part of the mounds consists of sponge-rich wackestones …  Lire la suite

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the largest problems facing the mining of base metals in Canada today. It results in the leaching of toxic heavy metals from waste rocks and tailings into the environment. Solidification/stabilization is a process whereby hazardous wastes are chemically stabilized and their handling properties improved. The objective of the project was to stabilize two tailings obtained from base metal mines in Quebec by adding varying proportions of lime and fly ash to them. The fixing capabilities of the two additives were tested by a modified Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test after 1, 14 …  Lire la suite

A modeling technique for simulating the fatigue behaviour of laminated composite materials with or without stress concentrations, called progressive fatigue damage modeling, is established. The model is capable of simulating the residual stiffness, residual strength and fatigue life of composite laminates with arbitrary geometry and stacking sequence under complicated fatigue loading conditions. The model is an integration of three major components: stress analysis, failure analysis, and material property degradation rules. A three-dimensional, nonlinear, finite element technique is developed for the stress analysis. By using a large number of elements near the edge of the hole and at layer interfaces, the …  Lire la suite

Experimental and numerical studies of coupled heat and moisture flow induced in an unsaturated soil by simultaneously imposed temperature and hydraulic gradients, in opposite directions, are presented. The experimental portion of the study was designed to provide information on the moisture and temperature distributions in relation to elapsed time and distance from the heat source. Tests were conducted on three different materials: (a) buffer (equal proportion of silica sand and sodium bentonite), (b) backfill (25 percent low swelling clay and 75 percent crushed granite rock), and (c) sand. Each material was compacted to its maximum dry density and optimum water …  Lire la suite

The work described herein represents a preliminary step in the characterisation of the human Tom20 protein and its role in the mammalian mitochondrial import machinery. A hexahistidine-tagged form of the human homologue of Tom20 has been over-expressed in Escherichia coli and purified under native conditions. This Tom20 protein has been shown, in these studies, to compete for the import of a matrix-destined mitochondrial precursor protein, pre-ornithine carbamoyltransferase (pOCT), into mitochondria isolated from a mammalian source (rat heart), as well as to directly bind the presequence-bearing pOCT in vitro. Furthermore, a protocol has been established for the isolation of import-competent outer …  Lire la suite