McGill University Thèses et mémoires par auteur commençant par A

Neonatal ventral hippocampus (nVH) lesioned animals show molecular and behavioral abnormalities analogous to those described in schizophrenia. As an extension to previous studies that showed an increase in ligand binding of cortical alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (AR) and a dysfunction in alpha-1 AR regulation of mesolimbic dopamine functions in post-pubertal nVH lesioned rats, we investigated the subcellular expression and activity of protein kinase C (PKC)---a second messenger in alpha-1 AR signaling---in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of post-pubertal nVH lesioned rats. Western blot analysis of membrane and cytosolic fractions showed complex changes in lesioned animals in the expression …  Lire la suite

Chiu, Ray C. J. (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

Waveform Relaxation methods are very efficient and reliable methods. They have been widely used in several fields, including circuit theory, for solving large systems of ordinary differential equations and solving partial differential equations. A new approach called optimized waveform relaxation algorithms was recently introduced which greatly improved convergence by using new transmission conditions. These conditions are responsible for the exchange of information between subsystems. In this thesis, we demonstrate that the transmission conditions have a tremendous influence on the convergence of the waveform relaxation algorithms for circuit simulations. We first derive new waveform relaxation methods for a general circuit and …  Lire la suite

The waveform relaxation method is a very efficient and reliable method, it has been widely used in several fields including circuit theory, for solving large systems of ordinary differential equations as well as partial differential equations. The convergence rate of the classical waveform relaxation approach is not uniform over the time interval for which the equations are integrated. A new approach called the optimized waveform relaxation approach was proposed with a remarkable and great improvement in the convergence behavior by introducing new transmission conditions. Here, we continue the work done on the optimized waveform relaxation by extending previous results and …  Lire la suite

Phan Ha-Nam Nguyen (Supervisor1)  Lire la suite

This thesis seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the pedagogical approach of personal storytelling in a multicultural classroom, where the teacher creates a safe and comfortable space for students and encourages them to share their personal experiences as they reflect upon and engage with the educational curriculum. This research used a qualitative case study to explore personal storytelling in the McGill University School of Continuing Studies hospital training program, particularly in an English as a Second Language (ESL) class, which consisted of adult medical professionals, certified doctors, nurses, administrative staff and psychologists who came from a wide range of …  Lire la suite

Sewitch, Maida (Supervisor1)  Lire la suite

Density functional theory (DFT) is a quantum mechanics method that has been used by physicists, chemists and material scientists since the 1970s. It allows for the compution of important properties of materials and extract valuable information of chemical reactions. Chemical engineers and researchers use this method to enrich and justify their experimental findings, as well as discover new materials for various trending applications such as batteries, catalysis, photovoltaics and nanotechnology. One such important application is the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide intro high-valued products, such as methane and methanol. However, an adequate catalyst is needed to make this technology industrially …  Lire la suite

This thesis deals with the use of planar near-field measurements for characterizing and modeling general electromagnetic radiators, particularly non-directive ones. Relationships between the measured field on a plane and the equivalent currents on the radiator plane were established. These were used to determine the resolution with which these currents can be mapped. The equivalent currents then serve as a model from which the radiator external field can be calculated. It was shown that significant filtering of measurement errors results from the utilization of such a model. The consequent reduction in errors was estimated. The behavior of the measurement probe was …  Lire la suite

Mongrain, Rosaire (Supervisor2)  Lire la suite

Pourquoi certains messages de santé laissent-ils une empreinte durable, tandis que d’autres ne parviennent pas à susciter l’adhésion? De plus en plus de données indiquent que la pertinence personnelle, c’est-à-dire la mesure dans laquelle un message est perçu comme personnellement significative, constitue un facteur clé de l’efficacité d’un message. Bien que le cortex préfrontal ventromédian (vmPFC) soit reconnu pour son rôle dans le traitement de la pertinence personnelle, la représentation neuronale plus large de la pertinence personnelle des messages à travers l’ensemble du cortex reste encore peu étudiée.Dans cette étude, nous avons entraîné des modèles d’apprentissage automatique afin de développer …  Lire la suite

Epithelial cells interact to form architecturally organized structures in tissues, with strict control of motility, proliferation and metabolic signaling, each of which is altered during cancer progression. Loss of epithelial organization and tissue architecture is associated with the acquisition of a malignant phenotype during breast cancer initiation and throughout its progression. The changes in tissue architecture that accompany the development of breast cancer is an excellent model, that develops through architecturally different preinvasive stages that include benign lesions such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which are risk factors for the development of invasive disease (IDC). Currently, DCIS accounts for …  Lire la suite

Sladek, Robert (Supervisor1)  Lire la suite

Sladek, Robert (Internal/Supervisor)  Lire la suite

Trois alliages austénitiques 316LSS contenant entre 0,2 et 6 % massique d'aluminium ont été préparé par broyage à froid et frittage à plasma d'étincelles (Spark Plasma Sintering : SPS). Il a été montré que l'aluminium influence la transformation, induite par tension, Cubique Face Centré (CFC) à Cubique Centré (CC) qui a lieu durant le broyage et aussi le rétablissement de la phase CFC durant le chauffage et la consolidation par SPS. L'alliage SS contenant de l'aluminium à une transformation induite par tension accélérée dans les premières étapes de broyage, tandis que le taux de transformation devient similaire ensuite pour tous …  Lire la suite

Desrosiers, Martin Yvon (Internal/Supervisor)  Lire la suite

A l'extrémité proximale de l'incisive du rat, minéralisation de la dentine semble se faire à partir des "vesicules de la matrice" produites par le jeune odontoblaste, alors que dans le cas de l'émail le mécanisme n'est pas connu. De nouvelles observations indiquent que, dans les deux types de cellules, de petites plaques composées de minéraux amorphes apparaissent dans la membrane plasmatique où ils constituent des centres de nucléation pour la formation de cristaux d'hydroxyapatite. Chez le jeune odontoblaste, les plaques semblent être libérées sous forme des vésicules de la matrice, dans lesquelles les minéraux amorphes donnent naissance à des cristaux. …  Lire la suite

Introduction:Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are a fundamental unit in the competency-based education model (CBME). Assessment of EPAs is a crucial step in the implementation process of CBME, which remains challenging due to a lack of consistency in meaningful assessment methods. There is great variability in the assessment approaches used to evaluate EPAs among residency training programs, which might influence successful CBME implementation. This scoping review seeks to explore how EPAs are being assessed and implemented within residency training programs. Methods: We conducted a review of MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO databases, and Google Scholar by searching the full-text articles and abstracts …  Lire la suite

In selecting Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani as the subject of our thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master's Degree in the newly created Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, we are guided by two reasons. Firstly, the Modern Age of Islam is supposed to have begun in the second half of the nineteenth century. Though Islam, in the post-mediaeval period, was confronted by the West at various places since the beginning of the eighteenth century, the early impact did not cause a ripple in the somnolent waters of Islam. [...]  Lire la suite

This thesis comprehensively scrutinizes dual-use nature of satellites in the Ukraine-Russia conflict, evaluating its impact on Ukraine as both an aggression victim and a Less Technologically Advanced Country (LTAC). My primary research question is: How do dual-use satellites impact International Humanitarian Law and the Laws of Armed Conflict, particularly for LTACs in the context of space warfare? Chapter 1 primarily evaluates the implications of dual-use satellites on International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and the Laws of Armed Conflict (LOAC). Chapter 2 examines the contrast between space weaponization and militarization, highlighting current arms control regimes. It identifies significant gaps that may allow …  Lire la suite

Le transcodage vid´eo num´erique fournit un m´ecanisme de faible complexit´e pour convertir un flux vid´eo d'un format de compression `a un autre. Cette conversion devrait etre atteinte tout en maintenant une haute qualit´e visuelle. La r´ecente ´emergence et la normalisation de l'extension "scalable" (en couches) de la norme H.264, ainsi que la grande disponibilit´e de contenu cod´e au format H.264 `a couche unique donnent une grande importance au d´eveloppement d'un m´ecanisme de transcodage qui convertit du format `a couche unique `a la forme "scalable" . Dans cette th`ese, le transcodage d'un flux simple couche H.264/AVC vers un flux H.264/SVC combinant …  Lire la suite

In all eukaryotic cells, duplicated chromosomes are segregated into daughter cells by the mitotic spindle. As cells enter mitosis, the spindle forms, and the process of attaching sister chromatids to spindle microtubules continues throughout metaphase. Microtubules attach to a complex of proteins called the kinetochore, located at the centromere of each sister chromatid. Chromosome biorientation occurs when the kinetochores of both sister chromatids are attached to microtubules originating at opposite spindle poles. Chromosome biorientation in metaphase is followed by chromosome segregation in anaphase and finally cytokinesis. In animal cells, chromosome biorientation requires many microtubules to bind to each kinetochore. In …  Lire la suite

The purpose of this thesis is to deal with Mu'nis' political and military career at the 'Abbasi court between 296-321/908-933. Three focal areas were chosen for this study. (1) The struggle for power between the military class and the kuttab as exemplified by Mu'nis' struggle with the wazir Ibn al-Furat. (2) The struggle for power within the military class itself as it appears through Munis' struggle with Harun b. Gharib and Yaqut. (3) The struggle between the military class and the khalifa as shown by Mu'nis' conflict with al-Muqtadir and al-Qahir.  Lire la suite

A new method for the estimation of the EEG evoked potential (EP) is presented in this thesis. This method is based on a new model of the EEG response which is assumed to be the sum of the EP and independent correlated Gaussian noise representing the spontaneous EEG activity. The EP is assumed to vary in both shape and latency, with the shape variation represented by correlated Gaussian noise which is modulated by the EP. The latency of the EP is also assumed to vary over the ensemble of responses in a random manner governed by some unspecified probability density. …  Lire la suite

L'acquisition de propriétés invasives et métastatiques d'une tumeur annonce la transition d'une affection dormante vers une maladie agressive avec un faible taux de survie et un haut taux de récurrence. Le TGF-ß est un membre de la super famille de cytokines TGF-ß, qui régule le développement et l'homéostasie. Le TGF-ß exerce sur les tumeurs un effet anti-tumoral auquel le cancer doit échapper pour évoluer vers des phénotypes plus agressifs. Paradoxalement, le TGF-ß promeut aussi des procédés tels que la migration cellulaire, l'invasion, et la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse.Afin de décortiquer les effets pro-carcinogènes du TGF-ß dans le cancer du sein, nous avons …  Lire la suite

Assessment of freshness and quality of meat and fish is a major activity of both food regulatory agencies and the food industry. Various methods are used for measuring fish and meat quality, each with its particular advantages and limitations. However, methods based on monitoring the products of proteolysis have received relatively little attention. The objective of the present study was to identify specific protein and peptide products of proteolysis as indicators of freshness and quality during chilled storage of fresh fish and meat. Samples of meat and fish were subjected to chilled storage; at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 8, …  Lire la suite

This is an attempt to investigate the linguistic question ofderivation in usul ahfiqh (legal theory). Being treated in various linguistic disciplines, especially grammar, the subject matter is studied in light of these disciplines in order to expound the unique contribution of usulists to it. The present study explores the chronological evolution of the subject and presents "derivation" as one example of the methodology applied by usulists to linguistic issues.  Lire la suite

One critical issue in chloride hydrometallurgy is the regeneration of the lixiviant HCl that is commonly achieved by pyrohydrolysis. It is the scope of this thesis to investigate a low temperature HCl regeneration process, which regenerates HCl and produces saleable gypsum. Experiments were performed to determine the optimum conditions of the chemical reaction that involved the reactive mixing of calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution at low temperature and atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the crystallization chemistry of the CaCl 2-H2SO4 reaction can be controlled in such away that favors the production of well grown gypsum …  Lire la suite

Objectives. (1) To Determine the presence of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52b, 58 subtypes in resected oral/oropharyngeal SCCA cancer and associated lymph nodes. (2) To Determine if a relationship exists between koilocytosis, tumor grade, stage, or prognosis. Methods. Retrospective analysis and pathology review of patients with SCCA of the oral cavity at McGill in the last 5 years was performed. Age at diagnosis, risk factors, tumor stage, grade, koilocytosis, treatment, outcome, and presence of HPV by PCR were analysed. Results. 199 patients included were included in the analyses; 5 years mortality was 18.5%. 146 cases reviewed …  Lire la suite

For Muslims all over the world, whether in North America where they form minorities or in all-Muslim societies, their religion permeates every aspect of their lives and ethical decision-making. It is no wonder that when deliberating the treatment of infertility or the introduction of cloning to the world, Muslims look to their Islamic scholars and await their decision on such matters. They are the ones with the most knowledge of the Quran, Sunnah, and other sources used in Islam. This thesis will explore the ethics of assisted reproduction technologies and human reproductive cloning from an Islamic ethical perspective. I will …  Lire la suite

Lessard, M. Lucie (Supervisor2)  Lire la suite

The poet Jamil Sidqï al-Zahawi (1863-1936) was the first and greatest thinker of modern Iraq, and the only Iraqi writer who has gained a wide reputation outside his country - in other Arab and Muslim lands and in Europe. After a traditional Islamic education, Zahawi fell under the influence of Western philosophy and science and became a free thinker, as well as an ardent, liberal and social reformer. He played a certain part in politics and in the Arab national movement both before and after the 1914-1918 war; but the importance of his work lay in the realm, not of …  Lire la suite

Photovoltaic cells having the structures CuInSe2-CdO and CuInSe 2-CdS-CdO have been fabricated on a cut or cleaved p-type Bridgman-grown CuInSe2 ingot. The CdO window layer in both cases was deposited by dc reactive sputtering. In the CuInSe2-CdS-CdO structures, the CdS interlayer was deposited by a solution growth method and these cells, incorporating the CdS interlayer, yielded a conversion efficiency of about 6.9%. By comparison, the cell with the structure CuInSe2-CdO, where the lattice mismatch between the CuInSe2 and the CdO is some 23%, showed a surprising efficiency of 6.8%. This result, indicating that the defect centers at the CuInSe2-CdO interface …  Lire la suite

Inflammation and airway remodelling are hallmarks of severe asthma pathology. Although severe asthma represents 10% of the asthmatic population, this subset of patients has greater morbidity, mortality and a disproportionate need for health care services. Severe asthma appears to have a different inflammatory pattern compared to mild and moderate asthma. There is an increase in neutrophil infiltration, upregulation of IL-8 and disregulation of Th-2 cytokines. IL-17A and F are two proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines produced primarily by Th-17 cells. These cytokines can act on a broad range of cell types to induce cytokines, chemokines and metalloproteinases as well as have …  Lire la suite

This thesis concerns the Reign of al-Wathiq, the ninth ‘Abbasid caliph (227-232/842-847), a time considered the seal of the Golden Period of the ‘Abbasid Caliphate. The thesis comprises a translation into English of the account of al-Tabarï on the reign of al-Wâthiq which has not previously been translated into any other language. The Annotations give an explanation of the important events, terms and personalities mentioned in the text, and correct some information related to certain events. The Introduction gives portraits of al-Wâthiq as viewed by other historians; the Conclusion gives a brief comment on and evaluation of the caliph in …  Lire la suite

Pendant la deuxieme moitie du dix-huitième siècle, la principauté Su'üdite de al-Dir'iyah devint un état puissant à la suite de ses campagnes militaires en faveur de la réforme religieuse et politique. Elle attira d'abord l'Arabie Centrale dans son orbite, pour ensuite annexer la région d'al-Hasa. Au début du dix-neuvième siècle, les Su'üdis entrent en relation avec l'Arabie Orientale et le 'Uman, où ils devaient jouer pendant de nombreuses années un rôle dominant dans la vie sociale, religieuse et politique. Ce memoire tente d'examiner le développement historique des relations Su'üdites avec l'Arabie Orientale et le 'Uman et relève les mobiles de …  Lire la suite

Les maladies auto-immunes sont causées par une attaque des antigènes du soi par le système immunitaire. Il est connu que l’auto-immunité dépend à la fois d’une susceptibilité héréditaire et de facteurs environnementaux. Cependant, ceux-ci, à eux seuls, ne suffisent pas à expliquer toutes ces maladies. L’état actuel de nos connaissances ne permet pas d’expliquer la discordance au niveau de l’auto-immunité entre des jumeaux monozygotes qui passent leur enfance dans un environnement partagé ou entre individus des modèles animaux de lignée consanguine élevés dans un environnement contrôlé. Cela pourrait être expliqué par des événements stochastiques. Une possibilité encore inexplorée, serait qu’un …  Lire la suite

Traditionnellement, l'imagerie à lapse de temps en biologie s'appuie sur des animaux transgéniques dans lesquels une protéine fluorescente est exprimée par une population spécifique de cellules. Un collaborateur a récemment produit une caille transgénique qui exprime du YFP, pour « Yellow Fluorescent Protein », sous le contrôle d'un promoteur pour les cellules endothéliales (TIE1). Dans cet animal, non seulement est-il possible de visualiser les cellules endothéliales de la paroi des vaisseaux sanguins, mais le gène fluorescent est aussi exprimé dans des cellules endothéliales en circulation. Le rôle des cellules endothéliales en circulation au cours du développement vasculaire est inconnu. Nous …  Lire la suite

Electrical parameter profiles of human breast images can be used to simulate and analyze the anticipated effects on tissue from its interaction with electromagnetic fields involved in the cancer treatment exposure. In part, the success of this approach depends on the accuracy and precision in identifying the different tissue types. In this work, we propose two methods of segmenting human breast images with malignant tumors. The first method of algorithmic partitioning of the image involves manual color-edge contouring of the tissues using a cursor and subsequent identification of the tissue types. For the second method, MRI T1 values and thresholds …  Lire la suite

Mongrain, Rosaire (Supervisor2)  Lire la suite

Introduction:Il a été proposé que des mutations du gène IDH présentent un rôle important dans la tumorigenèse, la progression et le pronostic des gliomes. La mutation la plus courante est une mutation faux-sens qui affecte le résidu d'acide aminé 132 et est associée à une survie plus longue chez les patients atteints de gliome que chez les patients atteints de gliome sans mutations IDH1. D'autres mutations non-R132H connues sous le nom de mutations IDH non canoniques sont moins fréquentes (7-20%).Objectifs:Notre objectif était de fournir une analyse détaillée et complète des astrocytomes mutants IDH non canoniques dans cette cohorte monocentrique, en …  Lire la suite

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of the ErbB family, and its closest homologue HER2, have been associated with aggressive tumour progression and reduced sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. In order to block the proliferation of refractory tumors overexpressing EGFR, a novel strategy has been developed that sought to design molecules capable of not only blocking EGFR-TK, but also damaging DNA. These molecules, termed combi-molecules (CMs), have been shown to degrade under physical conditions to release another inhibitor of EGFR, and to be potent against tumor cells of various origins including breast, prostate and carcinoma of the …  Lire la suite

Muhammad 'Abduh (1849-1905) is known throughout the Arab and Muslim worlds, and to Western scholars, as the greatest religious thinker and reformer of Islam in the nineteenth century. His efforts to reconcile the fundamental beliefs of Islam with the modern scientific thought of the West have been of the utmost importance in the Islamic revival of recent times. This fame has largely overshadowed 'Abduh’s achievements in other fields, which in degree, if not in kind, were no less important; especially his achievements in the field of journalism.  Lire la suite

Muhammad 'Abduh (1849-1905) is known throughout the Arab and Muslim worlds, and to Western scholars, as the greatest religious thinker and reformer of Islam in the nineteenth century. His efforts to reconcile the fundamental beliefs of Islam with the modern scientific thought of the Wset have been of the utmost importance in the Islamic revival of recent times. [...]  Lire la suite

En tant qu’événement architectural, Burj Khalifa n’est pas seulement le nouveaubâtiment le plus haut au monde. C’est la première fois que l’Homme est capable deconstruire aussi haut: 828 mètres. C’est également la première fois que la hauteur d’unbâtiment excède de plus de 60% celle du précédent gratte-ciel le plus haut du monde. Lamanière dont cet accomplissement est interprété et compris peut sembler ambiguë, voireincompréhensible. Malgré l’idée initiale qui attribue l’émergence de Burj Khalifa à latechnologie, cette conviction n’est pas suffisante pour expliquer son innovationtechnologique. En d’autres termes, considérer les prouesses et innovations technologiquesde Burj Khalifa comme une technologie instrumentale serait …  Lire la suite

The PMT (Protein O-mannosyl transferase) family members are involved in the initial step of protein-O-mannosylation. A large scale procedure (Systematic Genetic Array) was performed using pmt1, pmt2, pmt3, pmt5, and pmt6 as query deletions and a set of 4700 non-essential array gene deletions, to screen for query/array double deletion mutant combinations affecting growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This procedure revealed a genetic interaction network consisting of 53 interacting genes. Functional grouping of these 53 genes revealed 9 functional categories that were analyzed according to gene function to elucidate how they might buffer defects in protein-O-mannosylation. Synthetic genetic interactions were also identified …  Lire la suite

Cette recherche qualitative a exploré les expériences de développement professionnel de six éducateurs musulmans canadiens, au sein d’écoles islamiques canadiennes. Il existe un manque dans la littérature concernant la formation des enseignants et le développement professionnel au sein des écoles islamiques canadiennes, ainsi que les méthodes efficaces pour intégrer un programme d'études islamique canadien. Mes questions de recherche visaient à explorer les opportunités de développement professionnel disponibles pour les enseignants musulmans canadiens dans les écoles islamiques canadiennes, en explorant leur efficacité à répondre aux besoins des enseignants et comment, ou si, elles répondaient aux défis rencontrés par les enseignants. Le …  Lire la suite

Dans le contexte de la conception parasismique basée sur la performance (PBEE), il existe un besoin de développer des méthodes rapides d'évaluation de l'endommagement des bâtiments qui permettront aux intervenants de prendre des décisions éclairées dans leur gestion des ressources de sauvetage, l'estimation fiable des pertes économiques suite à un tremblement de terre dans une zone urbaine, ou bien la réhabilitation sismique des infrastructures endommagées. L'une des plus grandes difficultés rencontrées lors de l'évaluation de la fonctionnalité d'un bâtiment à ossature d'acier se présente lors de l'inspection technique détaillée, généralement requise suite à un tremblement de terre important. Ces inspections …  Lire la suite