McGill University Thèses et mémoires par auteur commençant par Y

The goal of this Master’s project was to compare changes in muscle activation and knee joint angles during a lateral jump-landing task after a high-intensity intermittent fatiguing exercise between the sexes. The motivation for this thesis was to explore sex-specific knee injury mechanisms relevant to sports that involve sudden changes in directions, which show a higher injury prevalence in female athletes. Healthy male and female varsity athletes performed a sideways single-leg jump-landing task before and after a high-intensity cycling fatigue protocol. Changes in muscle activation amplitude of the quadriceps and hamstrings during landing were quantified using surface electromyography. Knee joint …  Lire la suite

Objective: Recent studies have shown strong associations between cardiovascular conditions and dementia. However, little is known on when changes in cognitive function begin. The aims of this thesis were: a)to examine longitudinal cognitive function trajectories associated with the presence of cardio-metabolic conditions in middle-aged adults using data from the longitudinal US Health and Retirement Study (HRS).b)to evaluate if elevated depressive symptoms and diabetes were associated with accelerate worse cognitive function trajectories in middle-aged adults in the HRS.Methods: HRS is a prospective cohort study with a nationally representative sample of US adults 50 years and older. We included individuals who participated …  Lire la suite

Les neurosciences naturalistiques, également connues sous le nom de neurosciences écologiques, explorent la manière dont le cerveau traite l'information et perçoit le monde en recréant des situations similaires à celles du monde réel et des environnements naturels. Ce domaine a révolutionné notre compréhension des circuits neuronaux en fournissant de nouvelles perspectives sur les mécanismes sous-jacents de la perception dynamique du monde réel. Cependant, ces études ont souvent négligé les changements continus dans le déroulement des films. Pourtant, les variations du contenu sémantique peuvent être utilisées pour contextualiser les réponses neuronales induites. Dans cette étude, nous avons utilisé des outils de …  Lire la suite

Castro, Rui (Supervisor2)  Lire la suite

De par sa capacité à fabriquer des pièces par couche, la fabrication additive (raccourci en “AM ”, pour Additive Manufacturing en anglais) est soumise à moins de contraintes de conception que les techniques de fabrication traditionnelles. Les structures complexes qui ne peuvent pas être fabriquées par des méthodes traditionnelles peuvent être réalisées par AM. Cependant, il faut noter que les possibilités qu’offre la fabrication additive ne sont pas sans limites. La liberté de conception sans précédent de l’AM ne peut être pleinement utilisée que lorsque ses capacités sont bien étudiées et que la méthodologie de conception spécialement conçue pour l’AM, …  Lire la suite

We develop a coarse grained methodology to study solvent mediated interactions between two or more hydrophobic spheres. The free energy of a configuration of two hydrophobic hard spheres is calculated as a function of their separation to understand the thermodynamic force between them mediated by water. The range of the hydrophobic interaction is found to be of the order of the equilibrium correlation length of water; beyond this range the hydrophobicity induced force is negligible. We also examine the free energy landscape corresponding to the two interacting hydrophobic spheres, and find a new intermediate state between the two states of …  Lire la suite

La biomasse est une matière première renouvelable importante pour la transformation de notre société vers un monde plus durable. Les polysaccharides, tels que la cellulose et son analogue azoté, la chitine, sont largement présents dans la biomasse résiduelle. Cependant, leur potentiel en matière de durabilité reste sous-exploité en raison d’un manque de stratégies efficaces de valorisation. Bien que les polysaccharides soient abondants et peu coûteux, ils ne sont pas valorisés autant qu'ils pourraient l'être, car ils présentent de piètres propriétés de solvatation, rendant leur modification chimique difficile dans les processus traditionnels en solution. L'excès de réactifs, la consommation élevée d'énergie …  Lire la suite

Les écoulements hypersoniques autour de capsules de rentrée sont caractérisés par un fort choc amont augmentant la température à des milliers de Kelvins. Les réactions chimiques sont alors accélérées dans le champ de non-équilibre thermique entourant le véhicule, produisant des électrons libres pouvant nuire aux communications radio avec les stations au sol. Par conséquent, il est important de prédire l'effet d'ionisation sur de tels véhicules hypersoniques. Dans un tel contexte, la dynamique des fluides computationnelle (CFD) peut considérablement réduire les coûts en diminuant ou évitant la complexité des expériences physiques lors de la phase de conception.Le présent travail étend les …  Lire la suite

Van de Ven, Theodorus G. (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

Van de Ven, Theodorus G. (Internal/Supervisor)  Lire la suite

Organic light emitting devices (OLED) based on small molecule materials capable of white light emission have been fabricated and electrical and optical performance of devices was characterized. The fabricated OLEDs utilize one hole transport material, N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1, 1'-biphenyl-4, 4'-diamine [TPD], and three light emitting materials including 4, 4'-bis(2, 2'-diphenylvinyl)-1, 1'-biphenyl [DPVBi], Tris-(1-phenylisoquinolinato-N) iridium (III) [Ir(piq)3], and tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium [Alq3] to achieve the color blending close to the white light. The overall OLED configuration is in a multi-layer stacking structure. A total of 6 different OLED layer thickness configurations were implemented to investigate the effect of the layer thickness parameters. …  Lire la suite

Platt, R. (Advisor)  Lire la suite

Hay, Allan S. (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

La synthèse à «template» pour modifier l'ADN avec des complexes de métaux de transition et son utilité dans la construction de structures métallo-ADN en deux et en trois dimensions Grâce au développement de nanotechnologies basées sur l'ADN, divers assemblages d'ADN dont des structures en 2D, 3D ont été préparées d'une manière précise et contrôlée. La plupart de ces assemblages n'ont aucune fonctionnalité chimique particulière dû à l'aspect passif de la molécule d'ADN. Les complexes constitués de métaux de transition ont pour leur part la capacité de donner les structures d'ADN de propriétés utiles telles que la luminescence, l'électrochimie, le magnétisme …  Lire la suite

The emerging internet services and big data applications have resulted in a growing demand for bandwidth in data centres. As an energy-efficient and low-cost solution, optical interconnections is considered as the key to solve this bottleneck problem. Recently, a lot of research has been dedicated to silicon photonics. Featuring compatibility with the mature complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, silicon photonics can greatly reduce the cost of fabricating photonic devices and provide an ultra-high integration density. In this thesis, a low-loss edge coupler employing an inverted taper has been presented. The horizontal and vertical 1 dB misalignment tolerances were enhanced …  Lire la suite

Working memory is a type of short-term memory that temporarily holds information from the outside world and calls upon other resources in the brain to process that information. Brain imaging techniques have been widely used in studies exploring working memory, but the neural basis of individual differences in working memory remains to be explored. In this thesis, we used 874 subjects (470 females, 404 males, age 22-35) from the HCP database, and an effective working memory prediction model was developed using an improved connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) approach after preprocessing the task-based functional MRIs and resting-state functional MRIs and extracting …  Lire la suite

The promotion of student involvement has been widely studied in education research that demonstrates benefits to students, teachers, schools, and society in general. This study examines the involvement of China's middle school students in teaching, class management, and school management. The purpose of this study is to raise the awareness of student democracy in middle schools in China, and in China's basic education reform. This study investigates educators' and students' views of student involvement and school practices involving students. This study also attempts to identify preconditions for, as well as barriers to, meaningful and effective student involvement in China's middle …  Lire la suite

Le réseau neuronal profond a démontré des performances exceptionnelles dans de nombreuses disciplines d'ingénierie. Dans cette thèse, nous comparons les performances d'estimation d'état et de paramètre entre le réseau de neurones profond et l'espace de Hilbert du noyau reproducteur (RKHS). nous utilisons le modèle de réseau de neurones à action directe pour estimer l'état et les paramètres d'un système invariant linéaire du troisième ordre et de deux systèmes dynamiques non linéaires: l'équation sedoglavique et l'équation de Van der Pol. Les résultats indiquent que le réseau neuronal profond présente des performances comparables dans la récupération de l'état et des paramètres réels …  Lire la suite

In the past decade, p-type ZnO material has been investigated extensively. Its properties offer the potential for broad applications including the development of ultraviolet light emitting devices. Although n-type ZnO material is well known and studied for decades, the fabrication method and properties of p-type ZnO material are still to date not clearly understood. In this report, reproducible p-type ZnO thin films sputtered on glass substrates are reported. On the same substrate, p-type ZnO film is local and surrounded by n-type ZnO regions. The thickness of the films is typically three microns after several hours of deposition by radio-frequency magnetron …  Lire la suite

The airline industry has entered into a new era. It has been under pressure to a regulatory reform from both inside and outside the industry. Traditional bilateralism has been challenged and a liberal regulatory approach has been called for. With the conclusion of the GATS, it seems that no single sector of service should be excluded from its ambit. The extension of GATS principles to the international air transport, especially to "hard right", will require a significant change in approach to trade in air services. It is submitted that the GATS multilateral approach is preferable to the existing regulatory arrangements …  Lire la suite

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-aided wireless relaying can improve the quality of the communication links between the source and destination nodes, hence significantly increasing system throughput, especially in multi-user networks. Relaying strategies can mainly be classified as amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF). The AF relaying technique imposes lower signal processing complexity and latency; therefore, it is preferred in many operational applications. In this regard, transceiver design becomes crucial to fully leverage the benefits of multi-user MIMO relay systems. The primary objective of this thesis is to develop new transceiver design approaches for multi-user MIMO relay networks from the perspectives of robustness, energy …  Lire la suite

L'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles place l'utilisation de modèles au centre de l'activité de développement du logiciel, et propose la transformation de modèles comme un moyen de concrétisation des modèles abstraits vers des modèles plus concrets, p.ex. tenant compte de la plateforme d'exécution. Le langage de modélisation User Requirements Notation (URN) permet de modéliser les exigences d'un logiciel avec des Feature Models, des modèles de buts et de scénarios. De plus, URN permet l'analyse comportementale détaillée de ces modèles. Le paradigme de réutilisation Concern-Oriented Reuse (CORE) utilise les Feature Models et les modèles d'impacts, une variante de modèles de buts, …  Lire la suite

Since the "reform and opening-up" policy, Chinese society has been greatly affected by rapid industrialization, the installation of a market economy, and exposure to Western ideas and practices. These changes are having an impact on the current moral education program in varying degrees of intensity. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a framework for moral education in a meaningful and practical manner, and to provide an antidote to the current confusion regarding values in China. This thesis examines moral theories from both Eastern and Western perspectives. It focuses on Confucianism and Storytelling primarily. Confucianism, specially the Five Constant …  Lire la suite

Spondin-2 (SPON2), aussi connu sous le nom de Mindin, est une protéine normalement sécrété et est également conservée parmi plusieurs espèces. Des recherches suggèrent que cette protéine serait impliquée dans le système immunitaire inné et adaptatif. Il a aussi été démontré que l'expression de SPON2 était négativement régulée dans plusieurs cancers incluant le cancer de la prostate et du sein, cependant le rôle de SPON2 dans la croissance et la progression du cancer reste indéterminé. Dans notre dernière publication, SPON2 a été découverte grâce à un criblage protéomique qui avait pour but d'identifier les protéines exprimées différemment dans le milieu …  Lire la suite

Biosorption is a property of certain types of inactive, dead biomass to bind and concentrate heavy metals from even very dilute aqueous solutions. It may be used for purification of metal containing industrial waste effluents. The issues related to the biosorption process design and optimization were addressed by (1) equilibrium isotherm relationships, (2) biosorption process rate and (3) breakthrough time in a continuous-flow biosorption column. This work investigates these three aspects for the biosorption of the heavy metals uranium and cadmium on protonated Sargassum fluitans seaweed biomass. Biosorption uptakes of uranium and cadmium were evaluated by determining their isotherms at …  Lire la suite

Blowing snow can occur over snow-covered surfaces in association with strong winds. Snow particles are lifted into the boundary layer where they are subject to sublimation and horizontal transport over long distances. The snow transport and in-transit sublimation processes affect the moisture and the snow mass budgets. The cooling effect of sublimation also affects the temperature in the boundary layer and thus may play a role in the dynamics of both the boundary layer and the larger scale synoptic flow. In this thesis, a coupled blowing snow-atmospheric model is developed and used to study the effects of blowing snow on …  Lire la suite

Greenwood, Celia (Supervisor1)  Lire la suite

Mitchell, Claudia A. (Supervisor1)  Lire la suite

Epigenetic modification of DNA plays an important role in gene regulation. During gametogenesis and early embryogenesis epigenetic states are reset to ensure embryonic-specific gene expression patterns after fertilization. However, certain genomic regions may resist epigenetic reprogramming. This may result in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Earlier, a grandparental origin dependent (GPO) transmission ratio distortion (TRD) of alleles in the distal region of mouse chromosome 12 had been found (Croteau et al ., 2002). The distorted region overlaps with the imprinted region of chromosome 12. The mechanism underlying this TRD is unknown, and we hypothesized that it was due to failure to reset …  Lire la suite

Lung cancer is the cause of the most cancer-related deaths in the world. The majority of lung cancers are classified as Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (NSCLCs) with only a short 5 year predicted survival. Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic susceptibility also contributes to the risk of lung cancer development. With the development of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), an increasing number of oncogenic drivers involved in lung cancer have been identified. Recent studies have implicated ERBB2/HER2 as an oncogenic driver in Lung Cancer. ErbB2ΔEx16 is an ErbB2 splice variant with a 16 amino acid in frame deletion at the exon …  Lire la suite

Singing transcription refers to the automatic conversion of a recorded singing signal into a sequence of notes parameterized by onset time, offset time, and fundamental frequency, by applying signal processing method. Automatic singing transcription is an important topic in the field of music information retrieval as it enables the computers to extract the information carried by singing and facilitates the direct musical interaction between humans and computers.This thesis studies the use of feature selection in machine learning-based singing transcription systems, as none of such systems has hitherto taken full advantage of it. Feature selection is a machine learning technique that …  Lire la suite

The adjoint method is an efficient approach to computing sensitivities, and has been successfully applied in many fields. However, this approach has not seen widespread acceptance for unsteady problems primarily due to very large storage requirements of present algorithms. The fundamental challenge in unsteady adjoint approaches is the need to integrate the equations in reverse time, which requires all previous flow solutions to be available during the backwards integration. The straightforward treatment of storing all previous flow solutions is prohibitive for simulations with a large number of grid points and time steps. To alleviate this challenge, we propose to compress …  Lire la suite

The success of innate host defence to viral infection depends on the ability of innate immunecells to detect the invading pathogen culminating in the production of cytokines and chemokinesthat disrupt viral replication and shape the platform for innate and adaptive immune responses.Rapid induction of type I IFN is a central event in establishment of the antiviral response, whichis tightly regulated by extracellular and intracellular signals that activate transcription factors(NF-KB, AP-l and IRF). The synergistic action of these transactivators on the promoters of type IIFN genes triggers the immediate early IFN response. which is further amplified by JAK-ST ATsignaling proteins. In …  Lire la suite

In cell cycle checkpoint control, the Chk2 family protein kinases play a central role in mediating the cellular responses to DNA damage or DNA replication block. However, at the beginning of this project, there was no evidence for a Drosophila homologue of Chk2. loki was identified in a screen for serine/threonine protein kinases that are expressed in the ovary. Using a phylogenetic analysis, I showed that loki is a Drosophila chk2 orthologue. To characterize the checkpoint function of loki in Drosophila development, we created a loki null mutant and generated anti-Loki antibodies. Under normal laboratory conditions, loki null mutants display …  Lire la suite

Hinsberg, Vincent Johan van (Supervisor1)  Lire la suite

Contexte : La césarienne en urgence (CU) est une intervention obstétricale réalisée dans des délais courts, indiquée lorsque la poursuite du travail devient dangereuse. Les retards dans la reconnaissance d’un risque intrapartum croissant, en particulier en présence d’une souffrance fœtale, sont associés à une morbidité néonatale sévère et à un risque accru de séquelles à long terme. L’identification précoce des patientes à risque est essentielle pour soutenir une prise en charge proactive et améliorer les issues maternelles et fœtales. Toutefois, la plupart des outils prédictifs existants reposent sur des données prénatales ou d’admission statiques, limitant leur capacité à refléter l’évolution …  Lire la suite

This thesis presents a method that can be used to create operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), or their many related constructs such as operational amplifiers, with extremely high DC voltage gains − levels previously deemed unachievable due to stability concerns. The principle is based on the cascade of integrators to realize large DC gains and a controller to stabilize its operation in a closed-loop configuration. With K-integrators in cascade, the DC gain approaches levels described by (gmro)^2K V/V with a frequency response involving K co-incident poles having a frequency roll-off of -20K dB/decade. With the addition of the controller, the order …  Lire la suite

Dealy, John M.  Lire la suite

Les services traditionnels de vidéo en streaming pair à pair (P2P) nécessitent un logiciel particulier ou des plug-ins de navigateur pour gérer les pairs et distribuer du contenu. Cependant, avec l'émergence de la communication web en temps réel (WebRTC), il devient possible d'accomplir des échanges de données de navigateur à navigateur sans serveur intermédiaire. Dans ce travail , nous concevons et réalisons en temps réel un serveur vidéo P2P basésur le WebRTC. Notre serveur possède à la fois les caracteristiques en temps réel de la transmission client-serveur et la fonctionnalité de l'évolutivité des protocoles P2P. Nous appliquons un algorithme simple …  Lire la suite

Malgré leurs diverses motivations pour pratiquer une activité physique (AP), les personnes âgées, en particulier celles qui vivent seules, sont moins susceptibles d'être régulièrement actives que les autres groupes d'âge, car elles sont souvent confrontées à divers obstacles qui semblent se croiser. Bien que des travaux antérieurs aient montré le potentiel de la technologie pour soutenir l'activité physique, les technologies existantes de promotion de l'activité physique ont été peu utilisées par les personnes âgées, principalement parce qu'elles ne les perçoivent pas comme étant utiles. Cette mauvaise adéquation entre la technologie et les besoins des personnes âgées s'explique par un manque …  Lire la suite

Cette thèse analyse des textes littéraires arabes de la fin du XIXe - début du XXe siècle portant sur la Chine afin de défier le présupposé académique eurocentrique considérant que les auteurs de la Nahda empruntèrent leur modèle de la modernité uniquement à l'Europe. Survivant seulement sous la forme d'archives fragmentaires et inexplorées, un important corpus de littérature Nahdawi prenant place en Chine offre une nouvelle perspective à la compréhension des discours politiques et sociaux qui constituèrent les projets de modernité arabes. Alors que les conceptions existantes de la Nahda ont mis l'accent sur l'émergence d'états-nations souverains modelés sur les …  Lire la suite

Contexte : Le cancer du col de l'utérus (CC) est la principale cause de décès par cancer en Afrique sub-Saharienne (ASS). La mise à l’échelle de programmes de prévention et de traitement dans les pays à revenu élevé a considérablement contribué à la réduction de l'incidence du CC, mais de nombreux pays continuent de voir le nombre de cas augmenter. Dans l’ASS, ces problèmes sont aggravés par l'épidémie de VIH : les femmes vivant avec le VIH (FVVIH) sont six fois plus susceptibles de développer un CC. En 2020, l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) a annoncé sa stratégie mondiale …  Lire la suite

Although the study of thermal transport in condensed matter has a very long history, it continues to be an active field of work due to its importance in many applications. The research subject reported in this thesis is on theoretical investigations of thermal energy transport in systems whose linear dimension is less than the wavelength of thermal phonons. Such situations occur in mesoscopic and nanoscopic scale dielectric structures which can now be fabricated in a number of laboratories. Due to the small system dimensions, phonons must be treated as waves. Thermal energy transport, therefore, must be treated as phonon wave …  Lire la suite

Rho-family proteins are a major branch of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. These proteins can be further subdivided into six subfamilies according to primary amino acid sequence identity, structural motifs and biological function: Rho, Cdc42, Rac, RhoBTB, RhoT and Rnd subfamily. Rho-family proteins are "molecular switches" and cycle between GDP-bound "inactive" state and GTP-bound "active" state by regulation of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPases-activating proteins (GAPs). Rho GTPases have a large collection of effectors and are involved in numerous cellular and physiological processes, such as cytoskeletal reorganization, microtubule dynamics, cell polarity, gene expression and cell cycle progression. …  Lire la suite

Functional RNA sequences typically have structural elements that are highly conserved during evolution. Here we present an algorithmic method for multiple alignment of RNAs, taking into consideration both structural similarity and sequence identity. Furthermore, we performed a comparative analysis on pairing probability matrices of a set of aligned orthologous sequences and predicted the conserved secondary structure. Our alignment method outperforms the most widely used multiple alignment tool - Clustal W, and the structure prediction approach we proposed can generate a more accurate secondary structure for 5S rRNA compared to the existing approaches such as Alifold. In addition, our algorithms are …  Lire la suite

In response to the likely future change in the Canadian Guidelines regulating the maximum allowable concentration of trihalomethanes (THM) in potable water, an investigation into the possible causes and variability of THM precursors was conducted during the summers of 1990 and 1991 at Lake Memphremagog in south-eastern Quebec. A number of associated parameters were correlated with THM formation potential (THMFP) with respect to season, depth and position on the lake. The THMFP was quantified indirectly by measuring the THM concentration present after chlorination under standard conditions. THM concentrations in the samples were found to exceed the US EPA standard of …  Lire la suite

Les tornades peuvent causer d'importants dégâts humains et matériels aux États-Unis et au Canada. Les changements climatiques pourraient exacerber les impacts des tornades sur les environnements bâtis et naturels. Une étude innovante en chambre à vent sur les charges de vent induites par des vortex de type tornade (TLV) sur une communauté construite réaliste est réalisée au simulateur de tornade WindEEE Dome de l'Université Western, au Canada. La répartition de la pression induite par les TLV sur les bâtiments modèles est quantifiée et comparée aux dispositions du bâtiment ASCE 7-22. Pour chaque configuration géométrique de la communauté, des TLV stationnaires …  Lire la suite

Relatively little is known about psychological and social factors as potential determinants for developing cervical cancer. Health related beliefs and detailed sociodemographic information were compared among women with different stages of cervical cancer precursor lesions, and among women with HPV infections from a high-risk area for cervical cancer. Both cytology and cervicography were used to obtain cervical lesion status of women, and HPV DNA detection was done by a polymerase chain reaction-based protocol (MY09/11). For cervical cancer precursor lesions, three different groups of women were compared to women remaining cytologically normal (N = 841) throughout four years of follow-up: (1) …  Lire la suite