Documents found
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SummaryTaking as his starting point an analysis of the respective roles of private capital and of the state in the accumulation process in Quebec, the author examines the ideological positions of 313 Francophone and Anglophone higher executives in the public service, in crown corporations, and in 28 large private companies in Quebec, concerning the question of state intervention. The thirty or so propositions used for this analysis refer to public expenses, to the traditional functions of the liberal state, to new regulations (in the areas of environment, workplace health and security, language legislation), to redistribution policies, to intervention in industrial activities, and to the modalities of state intervention. The analysis of these opinions, which indicates a certain common frame of discourse among those who head the large public and private bureaucracies, but also some more or less strong differences of opinion between them, illustrates the ambiguous character, especially in a dependent society, of the programs for the reduction of public expenses, in the face of a definition by these executives of the field of governmental intervention and of the limits of the state.
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2996.More information
The fur trade brought together partners from two civilizations. In this context of mutual dependence, adaptations and inventions were numerous: logic of exchange and gift and counter gift, a market economy logic, a transformation of debt mechanisms, a gradual and reciprocal learning of the Other's rules, biological and cultural mixing, cultural reinterpretations, the emergence of a new people, the Métis. Nonetheless, slowly and gradually, a market economy grew and colonial political power took hold. “The Beaver does all”, even builds colonial empires. Gradually, the relationship with nature changed, over hunting chased away the animals and in symbolic fashion the beaver came close to disappearing from the continent around 1930.
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2997.
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2998.More information
This article examines issues of power related to the Congrès mondial acadien (CMA or World Acadian Congress), a large gathering that has been held every five years since 1994. The objective of the study is to examine the dynamics of empowerment within the Acadian community, while taking into account the diasporic aspect of the Acadian identity and experience. To this end, we first propose a theoretical reflection on the concept of empowerment. It is through this lens that we then study discourses surrounding a public consultation conducted in 2015 at the behest of the Société Nationale de l'Acadie. We conclude that there exists a contradiction between the desire to include groups from the diaspora in initiatives intended to strengthen the empowerment of the Acadian community in the Maritimes, on the one hand, and the low level of participation by those same groups in the consultation on the future of the CMA, on the other.
Keywords: Acadie, diaspora, Congrès mondial acadien, habilitation, francophonie canadienne, Acadie/Acadia, diaspora, Congrès mondial acadien (World Acadian Congress, CMA), empowerment, Canadian Francophonie
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2999.More information
The Catholic Church, accused by Lynn White (1967) of being involved in global environmental crises, gradually built a philosophical and spiritual response to respect for creation by remobilizing the ancient tensions between the two main Christian traditions of nature, anthropocentrism and theocentrism. With the papal encyclical of François Laudato si (2015), the Catholic Church now preaches sobriety, reduction of consumption and commits believers all over the world to adopt environmentally more virtuous behaviours. This doctrinal trajectory is here analysed: after a culmination of 50 years of religious thought on environment, Christian ecology is confronted with the recent history of ecology and especially that of political ecology. Belonging to the city, the Church has built her discourse in three major stages according to the currents of thought (including Anthropocene) that cross civil society, major environmental disasters (Chernobyl, climate change) and large political scenes like the Earth Summits of Rio 1992 and 2012.
Keywords: Église catholique, écologie politique, anthropocène, Catholic Church, Political Ecology, Anthropocene
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3000.More information
This article analyzes the challenges of China's experience in multilateralism. The study is based on the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, a new multilateral financial institution China set up. AIIB benefits from broad international participation, draws attention and provokes strong reactions worldwide. It demosntrates the political power China wishes to assert and it highlights its power of attraction. Crucially, it reflects Chinese dissatisfaction with the major international financial institutions and Chinese willingness to find a cooperative platform that would reflect its economic weight and respond to its interests. While promising on paper however, the AIIB reveals a number of shortcomings.
Keywords: Chine, Asie, Banque asiatique d'investissement dans les infrastructures, développement, coopération, infrastructures, China, Asia, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, development, cooperation, infrastructures, China, Asia, Banca asiática de inversiones en infraestructura, desarrollo, cooperación, infraestructuras