Documents found
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542.More information
At the end of the Middle Ages, the manner in which the courts of justice punished rapists clearly shows how seriously such crimes were judged at that time. Endeavoring to increase their juristic power and worrying that the propagation of rape would corrupt the entire society and threaten its survival, impelled the judges and their officials —princes, bishops, and municipal bodies — to deal with all complaints and to initiate inquiries about them. A study of the progressive steps undertaken in the preliminary investigations of these cases reveals that after an inquiry into the accuser's reputation, the judges demanded numerous proofs from the victim about the rape. Moreover, a clinical examination was demanded from a midwife. Thus, in addition to the scientific proof and the witness's statements, the investigators were able to arrive at a better assessment of the rapist. The rapist, in turn, under the distressful solitude in his cell where he had been incarcerated by the police as soon as the complaint was made, finally admitted to the crime and renounced having degraded and defamed his accuser, ft was then up to the court to punish the offender. These offenders were treated severely, particularly if they had attacked moral and social values by deflowering children and virgins.
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543.
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544.More information
Since Nelly Arcan’s first autofictional novel Putain (Whore) was published in 2001, a biographical reading of her work predominated other forms of literary criticism, which often describes how women’s writing is talked about by critics and the media. Hence, women writers’ oeuvre, like Nelly Arcan’s, is frequently distorted because of the overwhelming curiosity generated by the author’s life. Anne Émond’s picture Nelly (2016) forms no exception.
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545.More information
Three objectives are at the base of this article. First, we will look at Freud's correspondance identifying his conscious representations of women and situating them in the context of his time, particularly with regard to medical doctors and Jewish Austrian bourgeois men. We will then proceed to examine Freud's unconscious representations (or imagos) of women as they can be found in his L'Interprétation des rêves,of which we also present some personal interpretations. Finally, based on hypothesis developed by contemporary feminist psychoanalysts, we will look at how the unconscious representation, which are determined by gender relations, uphold Freud's conscious representations of women and how this can explain their resilience.
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547.More information
This article constitutes an analysis of Marie-Christine Lê-Huu's play Les enrobantes: cabaret décolleté pour psychanalyste plongeant, both as text and stage production. The study follows the chronology established by the play itself and offers, in the first instance, a critical reading of several key elements. This is accompanied by a critical reflection on the ideological impact created by the double nature of the play—a tragi-comedy—as well as the use of marionettes in a play whose central themes revolve around psychoanalysis, anti-Semitism, and the rise of fascist dictatorships during the period leading to the Second World War.
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549.More information
One of the defining events in society at the turn of the millennium has been, according to Gail Pheterson, the transformation of the whore's or prostitute's prototype into an historical subject. This reversal of perspective has been brought about by the self-organization of prostitutes, redefining themselves as "sex workers", and by their participation in the public debate. This workers collective has allowed the emergence of new political subjects. However, these social protagonists have not been accepted by a fringe of the feminist movement. This abolitionist fringe is the one which has had the strongest opinion on this matter. This paper brings to light the kind of opposition which the help and support to Montreal sex workers group, "Stella", has experienced. The author also raises some questions that this matter brings from a double perspective: firstly, from the view point of an exercise in active citizenship and, secondly, regarding the capacity of feminism to be open to the complex realities of the lives of women who are amongst the most marginalized and stigmatized in society.