Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article s’intéresse à la façon dont le raisonnement géopolitique peut enrichir l’étude de l’analyse du contexte des entreprises participant aux mégaprojets dans une perspective d’identification des risques. En détaillant cette méthode d’analyse particulière et au travers de l’analyse du cas de la centrale nucléaire de Jaitapur en Inde, il met en avant l’intérêt de détailler les chaînes relationnelles entre les risques eux-mêmes en raisonnant en termes de territoire, de représentation, de création de déséquilibre ou de rupture d’équilibre grâce à une observation multiscalaire et multi disciplinaire. Il appelle au développement d’une géopolitique des mégaprojets afin de minimiser les risques d’investissement.
Mots-clés :
- mégaprojets,
- identification des risques,
- géopolitique
Abstract
This article examines how geopolitics can enrich the study of the analysis of the context of companies involved in megaprojects from a risk identification perspective. By detailing this particular method of analysis and with the analysis of the case of the Jaitapur nuclear power plant in India, it highlights the interest of detailing the relational chains between the risks themselves by reasoning in terms of territory, representation, creation of imbalance or disruption of balance through multi-scalar and multi-disciplinary observation. It calls for the development of a geopolitical approach to megaprojects in order to minimize investment risks.
Keywords:
- megaprojects,
- risk identification,
- geopolitics
Resumen
Este artículo se interesa en cómo el razonamiento geopolítico puede enriquecer el estudio del análisis del contexto de las empresas que participan en megaproyectos desde una perspectiva de identificación de riesgos. Al detallar este método de análisis peculiar y al analizar el caso de la central nuclear de Jaitapur en, India, se destaca el interés de detallar las cadenas relacionales entre los propios riesgos mediante el razonamiento en términos de territorio, representación, creación de desequilibrios o perturbación del equilibrio a través de una observación multiescala y multidisciplinaria. Se invita nvita al desarrollo de un enfoque geopolítico de los megaproyectos para minimizar los riesgos de inversión.
Palabras clave:
- megaproyectos,
- identificación de riesgos,
- geopolítica
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Aaltonen, K.; Kujala, J. (2010). “A Project Lifecycle Perspective on Stakeholder Influence Strategies in Global Projects”, Scandinavian Journal of Management, Vol. 26, p. 381-397.
- Aaltonen, K.; Kujala, J.; Oijala, T. (2008). “Stakeholder salience in global Projects”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 26, p. 509-516.
- Aguilar, F.J (1967). Scanning the business environment, New York : The Macmillan Company.
- Arashpour, M.; Wakefield, R.; Lee, E.; Chan, R.; Hosseini, M. (2016). “Analysis of interacting uncertainties in on-site and off-site activities : Implications for hybrid construction”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 34, p. 1393-1402.
- Badie, B. (2016). Qui gouverne le monde ?, Paris : La Découverte.
- Biesenthal, C.; Clegg, S.; Mahalingam, A.; Sankaran, S. (2018). “Applying institutional theories to managing megaprojects”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 43, p. 43-54.
- Boateng, P.; Chen, Z.; Ogunlana, S.O. (2015). “An analytical network process model for risks prioritization in megaprojects”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 33, p. 1795-1811.
- Bosch-Rekveldt, M.; Jongkind, Y.; Bakker, H.; Verbraeck, A.L. (2011). “Grasping complexity in large engineering projects : The TOE (Technical, Organizational and Environmental) framework”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 29, p. 728-739.
- Burt, G.; Wright, G.; Bradfield, R.; Carins, G.; Van Der Heijden K. (2006). “The role of scenario planning in exploring the environment in view of the limitations of PEST and its derivatives”, International Studies of Management and Organization, Vol. 36, N° 3, p. 50-76.
- Cagno, E.; Caron, F.; Mancini, M. (2008). “Dynamic analysis of project risk”. International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, Vol. 10, p. 70-87.
- Callon, M. (2006). « Sociologie de l’Acteur Réseau », dans S. Strum, M. Callon, B. Latour et M. Akrich (sous la direction de), Sociologie de la traduction : Textes fondateurs, p. 267-301.
- Cicmil, S., Williams, T.M., Thomas, J., Hodgson, D. (2006). “Rethinking project management : researching the actuality of projects”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 24, N° 8, p.675-686.
- Clegg, S.; Kreiner, K. (2013). “Power and politics in construction projects”, dans N. Drouin, R. Muller, & S. Sankaran (sous la direction de), Novel approaches to organizational project management research : Translational and Transformational, p. 268-293.
- Davies, A.; Macaulay, S.; Debarro, T.; Thurston, M. (2014). “Making innovation happen in a megaproject : London’s crossrail suburban railway system”, Project Management Journal, vol.45, N° 6, p. 25-37.
- Dille, T.; Söderlund, J. (2011). “Managing inter-institutional projects : the significance of isochronism, timing norms and temporal misfits”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 29, p. 480-490.
- Di Maddaloni F.; Davis F. (2017). “The influence of local community stakeholders in megaprojects : Rethinking their inclusiveness to improve project performance”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 35, p. 1537-1556.
- Dussouy, G. (2002). « Vers une géopolitique systémique », Revue Internationale et Stratégique, Vol. 3, N° 47, p. 53-66.
- Eskerod, P.; Huemann, M.; Ringhofer, V. (2015). “Stakeholder inclusiveness : enriching project management with general stakeholder theory”, Project Management Journal, Vol. 46, N° 6, p. 42-53.
- Eweje, J.; Turner, R.; Müller, R. (2012). “Maximizing strategic value from megaprojects : the influence of information-feed on decision-making by the project manager”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 30, p. 639-651.
- Fang, C.; Marle, F.; Zio, E.; Bocquet, J.-C (2012). « Network theory-based analysis of risk interactions in large engineering projects”. Reliable Engineering and System Safety, Vol. 106, p. 1-10.
- Flint, C (2006). Introduction to geopolitics, New York : Routledge.
- Flyvbjerg, B. (2014). “What You Should Know about Megaprojects and Why : An Overview”, Project Management Journal, Vol. 45, N° 2, p. 6-19.
- Flyvbjerg, B. (2017). “Introduction : The iron law of megaproject management”, dans B. Flyvbjerg (sous la direction de), The Oxford handbook of megaproject management, Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press, p. 1-18.
- Flyvbjerg, B.; Bruzelius, N.; Rothengatter, W. (2003). Megaprojects and Risk : An Anatomy of Ambition. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
- Foucher, M. (1991). « L’Europe centrale. Actualité d’une représentation à géométrie variable », Le Débat, Vol. 1, N° 63, p. 36-41.
- Geraldi, J.; Maylor, H.; Williams, T. (2011). « Now, let’s make it really complex (complicated) : A systematic review of the complexities of projects », International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol. 31, N° 9, p.966-990
- Granovetter, M (1985). “Economic action and social structure : the problem of embeddedness “, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 91, N° 3, p. 481-510.
- Guo, F.; Chang-Richards, Y.; Wilkinson, S.; Li, T.C. (2014). “Effects of project governance structures on the management of risks in major infrastructure projects : a comparative analysis”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 32, p. 815-826.
- Haas, K. B. (2009). Managing Complex Projects : A New Model. Vienna, VA : Management concepts.
- Hassan S.; Mccaffer, R.; Thorpe, T. (1999). “Emerging Clients’ Needs for Large Scale Engineering Projects”. Engineering Construction and Architectural Management, Vol. 6, N° 1, p. 21-29.
- Jensen, N.M. (2003). “Democratic Governance and Multinational Corporations : Political Regimes and Inflows of Foreign Direct Investment”, International Organization, Vol. 57, N° 3, p. 587-616.
- Lacoste, Y. (2012). « La géographie, la géopolitique et le raisonnement géographique », Hérodote, Vol. 3, N° 146-147, p. 14-44.
- Lasserre, F.; Gonon, E.; Mottet, E. (2016). Manuel de géopolitique : Enjeux de pouvoir sur des territoires, Paris : Armand Colin.
- Levitt, R. E.; Scott, W. R. (2017). “Institutional challenges and solutions for megaprojects”, dans B. Flyvbjerg, B. (sous la direction de), The Oxford handbook of megaproject management, p. 96-117.
- Luttwak, E. (1990). “From geopolitics to geo-economy : logic of conflict, grammar and commerce”, The National Interest, Vol. 20, p. 17-23.
- Mahalingam, A.; Levitt, R. E. (2007). “Institutional theory as a framework for analyzing conflicts on global projects”, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 133, N° 7, p. 517-528.
- Martineau, R (2015). « La carte, le territoire, et les outils de gestion », Gérer et Comprendre, N° 120, pp. 47-57.
- Martinet, A.C (2015). « Stratégie et pensée complexe », Revue Française de Gestion, Vol. 8, N° 253, p. 31-46.
- Meyer, A.D.; Brooks, G.R.; Goes, J.B. (1990). “Environmental Jolts and Industry Revolutions : Organizational Responses to Discontinuous Change”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 11, p. 93-110.
- Miller, R.; Hobbs, B. (2005). “Governance regimes for large complex projects”, Project Management Journal, Vol. 36, N° 3, p. 42-50.
- Rosiere, S. (2010). « La place des firmes multinationales dans la tradition et l’actualité géopolitiques », Revue Géographique de l’Est, Vol. 50, N° 1-2, p. 1-10.
- Rothkop, D. (2009). Superclass : The global power elite and the world they are making, New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
- Ruuska, I.; Ahola, T.; Artto, K.; Locatelli, G.; Mancini, M. (2011). “A new governance approach for multi-firm projects : lessons from Olkiluoto 3 and Flamanville 3 nuclear power plant project”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 29, p. 647-660.
- Söderlund, J.; Shankar, S.; Biesenthal, C. (2017). “The past and present of megaprojects”, Project Management Journal, Vol. 49, N° 6, p. 5-16.
- Sallinen, L.; Ahola, T. et Ruuska, I. (2011). “Governmental stakeholder and project owner’s views on the regulative framework in nuclear projects”, Project Management Journal, Vol. 42, N° 6, p. 33-47.
- Subra, p. (2012). « La géopolitique, une ou plurielle ? Place, enjeux et outils d’une géopolitique locale », Hérodote, Vol. 3, N° 146-147, p. 45-70.
- Tsamboulas, D.; Verma, A.; Moraiti, p. (2013). “Transport infrastructure provision and operations : why should governments choose private–public partnership ?”, Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 38, N° 1, p. 122-127.
- Wang, T.; Wang, S.; Zhang, L.; Huang, Z.; Li, Y. (2016). “A major infrastructure risk-assessment framework : Application to a cross-sea route project in China”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 34, N° 7, p. 1403-1415.
- Ward, S.; Chapman, C. (2008). “Stakeholders and uncertainties management in projects”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 26, N° 6, p. 563-577.
- Watzlawick, P.; Weakland J.; Fisch R. (1974). Change : Principles of Problem Formation and Problem Resolution. New York : Norton.
- Whitty, S.J., Maylor, H. (2009). “And then came Complex Project Management”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 27, N° 3, p.304-310.
- Xue, X.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, X.; Yang, J.; Li, H. (2015). “Environmental and social challenges for urban subway construction : an empirical study in China”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 33, p. 576-588.
- Zayed, T.; Amer, M.; Pan, J. (2008). “Assessing risk and uncertainty inherent in Chinese highway projects using AHP”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 26, p. 408-419.
- Zhi, H. (1995). “Risk management for overseas construction projects”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 13, N° 4, p. 231-237.