Abstracts
Résumé
L’obésité, en particulier ses formes sévères, est l’un des principaux facteurs de risque de diabète de type 2. Par ailleurs, l’explosion de l’épidémie d’obésité infantile s’accompagne de l’apparition de formes précoces de diabète de type 2, avec un syndrome métabolique et une intolérance au glucose détectables dès l’adolescence. Ces données suggèrent l’existence de déterminants moléculaires primitifs communs entre obésité sévère et précoce et diabète de type 2, qui partageraient une insulinorésistance génétiquement déterminée. Dans ce contexte, l’identification, sur la région chromosomique 6q liée à la « diabésité », du gène ENPP1 codant pour un inhibiteur du récepteur de l’insuline, dont des variants codants et non codants contribuent au risque génétique de cette affection, est un pas vers la dissection génétique des obésités les plus diabétogènes. Ces résultats ouvrent des perspectives nouvelles vers le profilage génétique et biologique des adolescents obèses, dans une optique de prévention et de traitement de la « diabésité » et de ses complications vasculaires.
Summary
Clinical studies have established the strong link between obesity and type 2 diabetes, especially in children, where the rising prevalence of childhood severe obesity has preceded the recent emergence of early-onset forms of “diabesity”. These data suggested a common genetic background shared by both conditions, which was also supported by the identification by genome scans of several diabesity chromosomal regions of linkage. The genetic investigation of early-onset form of familial obesity linkage to chromosome 6q led to the identification of ENPP1, an inhibitor of the insulin receptor, as a possible molecular mechanism behind both obesity and type 2 diabetes. Analysis of the DNA variations of ENPP1 in 6,147 subjects showed association between a combination of variants and both childhood obesity, morbid or moderate obesity in adults and also with type 2 diabetes. This study provides a first molecular basis for the physiopathologic association between severe insulin resistance and obesity, and further type 2 diabetes, and offers a new perspective for prevention and treatment of these conditions.
Appendices
Références
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