Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article propose une solution au dilemme imposé de force aux peuples autochtones alors qu’ils doivent adopter les méthodes de la politique moderne. D’une part, on a critiqué les organisations autochtones pour leur usage de concepts euroaméricains dans leurs discours élaborés spécifiquement pour faire état de leurs revendications politiques. D’autre part, on met en doute la crédibilité de ces mêmes groupes lorsque leur performance n’est pas à la hauteur de ce que les États et les ONG estiment être un indigénisme authentique. En s’appuyant sur ses recherches auprès du peuple ashaninka, la plus importante des nations autochtones amazoniennes, l’auteur soutient qu’il ne faut plus analyser la situation politique en la soumettant aux critères reflétés dans les discours tenus par les États et les ONG à propos des autochtones. Au lieu de cela, il faut accepter que ces critiques ne voient tout simplement pas la nature politique de certaines pratiques, notamment la pratique quotidienne du kametsa asaiki ou le « bien-vivre ». Ces puissantes pratiques quotidiennes sont au coeur même de la création de vie humaine, et si leur nature politique risque de demeurer invisible pour l’État et pour les ONG, leurs effets sont tout ce qu’il y a de plus visible pour les Ashaninkas, conclut l’auteur.
Abstract
This essay proposes a way out of the double bind that indigenous peoples are forced into when it comes to modern politics. On the one hand, indigenous political organisations have been criticised for using Euro-American tropes in the discourses developed for their political struggle. On the other hand, the same groups are also criticised and lose legitimacy when their political performance does not match up to the expected ideas of indigeneity held by states and NGOs. Using research amongst Ashaninka people, the largest indigenous Amazonian society, the author argues for an analysis that looks away from the politics refracted by NGO/indigenist discourses to look at political practices that are invisible to these critiques: everyday kametsa asaiki (‘living well’) practices. These are powerful everyday political practices central to the creation of human beings. The author concludes that kametsa asaiki as political practice may be invisible to the state and NGOs, but have effects that are visible to them
Resumen
Este ensayo propone una solución al dilema en el que los pueblos indígenas se ven forzados al participar en la política moderna. Por un lado, las organizaciones políticas indígenas son criticadas por el uso de conceptos euro-americanos en las intervenciones que desarrollan específicamente para exponer sus demandas políticas. Por otro lado, se pone en duda la credibilidad de estos mismos grupos cuando sus representaciones no corresponden a las ideas de indigenidad de los Estados y las ONG. En base a investigaciones etnográficas entre grupos asháninka, la sociedad amazónica con mayor población, el autor llama a un análisis que mire mas allá de la política refractada en los discursos indigenistas propuestos por los Estados y las ONG, para analizar las practicas políticas que son invisibles a estas criticas: las prácticas cotidianas del kametsa asaiki (‘vivir bien’), centrales en el proceso de creación de los seres humanos asháninka. El autor concluye que, aunque la naturaleza política del kametsa asaiki sea invisible para el Estado y las ONG, igual tiene efectos importantes que sí les son visibles.
Appendices
Médiagraphie
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