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This paper analyses the innovative behaviours in French small «artisan» industrial firms. An inquiry into industries of the south-west of France shows two types of behaviours : «entrepreneurial» and «technical». A new theory of innovation stressing qualitative and organisational points of view is used to draw, in this context, public policies implications for innovation in a market-and-hierarchies perspective. Theses policies take place between two scenarios : the technological trajectory with genetic inputs and a given technological environment as opposed to the process of «creation of technology», rooted in the environment by the learning process of specific human resources.
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Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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In recent years, the figure of the influencer has gained prominence on social media due to their experiences as consumers. In this article, I examine the case of a Mexican influencer who promotes and encourages the consumption of handicrafts made by indigenous peoples in Mexico. Using Eric Wolf's concept of broker, I explain how influencers make legible a series of moral discourses and the defense of cultural heritage characteristics of neoliberal multiculturalism. I analyze how these influencers, through their videos and social media posts, redefine responsible consumption, informing their followers about the origin of the pieces, the names of the producers, and the craft techniques used. I also document how these brokers defend artisans by “speaking on their behalf” when certain brands or designers take advantage of their craftsmanship without giving them recognition. In this regard, I suggest that these brokers, in their position of power, contribute to limiting the cultural recognition of artisans to their access to market relations.
Keywords: Flores Montes, influenceurs, courtiers, artisanat, intermédiation, ventriloquisme, libre marché, Mexique, peuples autochtones, Flores Montes, influencers, brokers, craft, intermediation, ventriloquism, free-market, Mexico, indigenous peoples, Flores Montes, brókeres, artesanía, intermediación, ventriloquismo, mercado libre, México, pueblos indígenas