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ABSTRACTPMIP (Paleoclimate Model lntercomparison Project) is designed to compare and improve the ability of General Circulation Models (GCMs) to simulate a wide range of climatic conditions including known features of past climatic states that are significantly different from present conditions. One of the first simulations of past climate conducted under this project targets the 6000 yr BP period for the following reasons: 1) deglaciation was complete and the last remnants of the Laurentide Ice Sheet had essentially disappeared by this time, 2) sea surface temperatures approached modern values, 3) the orbital insolation regime was the only major boundary condition significantly different from present, and 4) a number of study sites can already be used to provide preliminary paleoenvironmental reconstructions for this period. Contributions from the Canadian scientific community towards this experiment are presented, following a brief overview of Canadian modern environmental conditions which places the regional contributions into a broader perspective.
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348.More information
Minority rights are dependent upon the notion of the Nation-State. Nevertheless, the idea of multinational states, where distinct nations are coexisting within a federal structure, is gaining weight. The present text explores how the constitutional law, language laws and recent jurisprudence recognize or not multiple nations and give legal consequences to the notion. The major paradigm of these rights relies on the idea that there is a Canadian nation and that communities within it are treated as national minorities receiving either rights or special protections in the constitutional structure.
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What are the sources of legitimacy for the use of military force in Canada? Identifying the conditions that the Canadian political elite views as necessary to justify the use of military force abroad is essential for a better understanding of the evolution of Canada's military practices following the Cold War. This article posits that France exercises a central influence on Canada's strategic culture, to such a point that the analogy of a North Atlantic Triangle should be changed to that of a North Atlantic "Quadrilateral". Viewed in this light, the potential strategic dilemmas facing Canada may be easier to understand.