Documents found
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3741.More information
The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the strategies used by the gambling industry to influence the reforming of the state online monopoly into a licensing system in Sweden in 2019, and to weaken state online monopoly in Finland. Methodologically, this study used primary data from 9 expert interviews in both countries and secondary data from prior literature, which were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The results identified five main political strategies used by the gambling industry: (1) Information, through lobbying politicians; (2) Constituency Building, through forming an alliance with interest groups; (3) Policy Substitution, through promoting alternative policies and self-regulation; (4) Legal Infringements; and (5) Regulatory Redundancy. The study concluded that the involvement of the gambling industry in policy-making influenced the change of the state online monopoly into a licensing system in Sweden in 2019 and is weakening the state online monopoly in Finland.
Keywords: case study, gambling, monopoly, policy, Finland, Sweden
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3742.
Towards a Macro-Level Theoretical Understanding of Police Services’ Acquisition of Risk Technologies
More informationMost North American police services have rapidly acquired and implemented a range of emerging and disruptive technologies in recent years. This rapid adoption of technologies has left a significant gap in our theoretical understanding of how police make decisions about which technologies to acquire. While existing research has focused on technology’s impact at the organizational level, the macro-level context that shapes technological acquisition by the police is undertheorized. To address this gap in the literature, this article combines theorizing by Ericson and Haggerty (1997) on policing the risk society (PRS) and Zuboff (2019) on surveillance capitalism (SC) to develop a macro-level theoretical framework. We consider technologies acquired by the police to be risk technologies and argue that combining key elements of PRS and SC theorizing offers a macro-level understanding of police decision-making about which technologies to adopt that can complement meso-level organizational theories. While calling for additional empirical research, this article concludes by discussing the potential impacts associated with private-sector involvement in public-sector initiatives and providing directions for future research.
Keywords: police and policing, risk technologies, surveillance capitalism, policing the risk society, organizational decision making, technology acceptance
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3744.More information
Historically spoken in France, Switzerland and Italy, Francoprovençal has been a language of oral communication since the 6th century and a literary language since the 13th century. Diffused from Lyon on both sides of the major Alpine passes, it includes many dialects, but has often been autonomous from French. Production of texts in Francoprovençal is now rare in the Rhône-Alpes region, even in Savoie and Bresse, where there are still some speakers. If the language is to find an audience, even a small one, translation into French has become essential - especially as people who still understand the language are not used to reading it. Yet there was a time, particularly in the 17th century, when epics and plays were published in Francoprovençal without translation. Only the paratext was in French. At the turn of the 20th century, many chronicles in local newspapers were still published solely in “patois”. Then, as linguistic assimilation progressed after 1945, French appeared alongside Francoprovençal, particularly in bulletins from associations of “Patois” speakers or glossaries, which have multiplied since the 1980s and are often accompanied by bilingual stories. Translation into Francoprovençal also plays a role, but enriched with metalinguistic comments in French, especially in the case of comic strips or fables that are easily accessible in the original language. At a time when the native language has become almost inaudible in the public sphere, we seek to illustrate the issues surrounding translation, whether in terms of self-translation and double writing (two languages facing each other), the coexistence of languages to reflect the former societal diglossia, or the question of spelling - regional or supradialectal as the case may be.
Keywords: francoprovençal, Francoprovençal, Bilingual Writing, écriture bilingue, Diglossia, revitalisation, Revitalization, diglossie, self-translation, autotraduction
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3746.More information
Introduction: Lesbian, bisexual, and pansexual (LBP) women as well as transgender, queer, and non-binary individuals (TQNB) often rely on medically assisted reproduction (MAR) to build their families, but do not always have access to these services. Currently, there appears to be no literature that comprehensively reviews, from an ecosystemic perspective, the main factors determining LBP women's and TQNB people's access to MAR.Objective: This rapid review aims to identify, from an ecosystemic perspective, the factors described in the scientific literature as influencing LBP women's and TQNB people's access to MAR.Methods: A literature search using 11 search engines identified 22 articles presenting results of recent empirical studies (2018-2023) using various methodologies. Relevant results were subjected to thematic analysis, and identified factors were classified within an ecosystemic model.Results: The identified factors are (1) at the microsystemic level, support from the social network and healthcare personnel; (2) at the exosystemic level, healthcare personnel's awareness of sexual and gender diversity, adequacy of information and documentation, organizational logic of fertility services, cost of services, legislation; (3) at the macrosystemic level, heterocisnormativity as a cross-cutting influence.Discussion and conclusion: To ensure access to MAR for LBP women and TQNB people, a comprehensive and multi-level approach is necessary. Suggestions for health practices and public policies are proposed.
Keywords: fertility services, services de fertilité, LGBTQ+ populations, populations LGBTQ+, sexual and gender diversity, diversité sexuelle et pluralité des genres, stratified reproduction, reproduction stratifiée, ecosystemic model, modèle écosystémique
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3747.More information
This article examines the covert native-speakerist strategies iTutorGroup utilizes to discriminate against teachers of nationalities the company appears to deem as undesired. Through content analysis of numerous job application submissions to iTutorGroup’s website, results show iTutorGroup’s automatic hiring process offers teachers of these nationalities a much lower potential wage and only a video-recorded asynchronous interview, if not complete refusal to an interview. In contrast, British, Australasian, and North American nationals are afforded a much higher potential wage as well as a one-on-one live interview. The company conceals these nuanced discriminatory strategies with a façade of equality since they are one of TESOL International Association’s Global Partners. As a Global Partner, iTutorGroup follows suit in pretending to uphold TESOL’s nondiscrimination policies.
Keywords: nativespeakerism, native-speakerism, discriminations, discriminations, NEST, NEST, NNEST, NNEST, racisme, racism
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3748.More information
In late 2017 and throughout 2018, surveillance discourse collided with meme culture through the popular “FBI agent” meme. The meme had various iterations but usually depicted ordinary individuals who are aware that they are constantly being surveilled on their personal devices by an assigned government agent. However, far from threatening Orwellian depictions of surveillance, in which a dangerous government is constantly watching, the FBI agent meme characterized the surveillant relationship as positive and caring, where the government agent is answering questions or helping with homework, providing a sympathetic ear for relationship troubles, crying over movies together, and even dropping by to deliver milk. The joke is predicated on the assumption that the government agent is always watching, knows the individual intimately, communicates with them regularly, and sometimes even intervenes through their devices, but only with the individual’s best interests in mind. The FBI agent meme depicts the relationship between the individual and the surveillant apparatus as one of surveillant companionship. Surveillant companionship suggests that surveillance fulfills a social role: partly care and control, and partly a response to widespread alienation. The FBI agent meme’s depiction of surveillant companionship satirizes the normalization of mass surveillance by highlighting the absurdity of sharing every intimate moment with the surveillant gaze. Memes also function as collective interventions in political discourse, in this case mass surveillance. Although the meme depicts the surveillant apparatus as a form of ambivalent companionship, the collective and collaborative nature of memes and the participation in communal humor and critique offers a different kind of companionship, one organized around a recognition of shared grievances and surveillant intrusions.
Keywords: surveillant companionship, memes, popular culture, digital resignation, surveillance realism, FBI
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3749.More information
As connectivism is increasingly accepted as a theory of learning for the digital age, scholars and practitioners in education often overlook the dilemma that this creates for its most ardent advocates. In the academic literature, we increasingly find scholarly works that present insouciant descriptions of connectivism. However, such practices often underplay or ignore critiques of connectivism, allowing many of our contentions about its epistemological character and pedagogical effectiveness to calcify. In fact, it is becoming increasingly difficult to rationalize why so many educators have endorsed connectivism as a new theory of learning when there continues to be a need for more empirical testing and greater philosophical substantiation. To illustrate this paradox, this paper examines Stephen Downes’s consideration of connectivism and his connectivist model of literacy. Using the dialogic philosophy of Mikhail Bakhtin, it introduces an architectonic model of connectivism and multiliteracies as an alternative discourse and pedagogical paradigm. A key finding from this study suggests that the lack of attention to capitalist practices, power, and the intermediality of texts in networked learning help to conceal the ways in which connectivist practices rearticulate behaviorism.
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3750.More information
Background/Objective: Medical students experience increased rates of burnout and mental illness compared to the general population. Yet, it is unclear to what extent North American medical schools have adopted formal wellbeing curricula. We sought to establish prevailing themes of existing wellbeing educational interventions to identify opportunities for further curricular development.Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature searching for wellbeing education programs implemented for undergraduate medical students across North America. We searched four comprehensive databases and grey literature and only included published original research. Two independent researchers screened all papers with a third to resolve any disagreements. Two researchers conducted the data extraction following a predetermined template that was refined continuously, with a third researcher to resolve any discrepancies.Results: We identified 3996 articles in the initial search of which 30 met inclusion criteria and were included for further analysis. The most common types of interventions were mindfulness and meditation practices. 27 studies found that their wellbeing sessions contributed to positive wellbeing outcomes of learners.Conclusions: Our review identified that there are few wellbeing curricular initiatives that have been evaluated and published in the literature. Additionally, the methodology and rigour of wellbeing curriculum evaluation to date leaves significant room for improvement. The existing literature does suggest that the adoption of a wellbeing curriculum has the potential to improve outcomes for medical students. These findings can be used to assist the development of a validated wellbeing curricular framework for wellbeing initiatives.