Documents found
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3072.More information
This text is a review of a Bioethics Café in June 2019 that focused on the protection of genetic information and the ownership of such data, but also on the impact of genetic tests offered to the public. Topics such as privacy, the ownership of genetic information, its uses and the benefits and risks of genetic testing were addressed and treated from a variety of ethical perspectives.
Keywords: café de bioéthique, citoyen, renseignements génétiques, public, privé, bioethics café, citizen, genetic information, public, private
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3073.More information
Keywords: Canne à sucre, domaines sucriers, minifondistes (petits exploitants livrant leur canne aux usines sucrières dont ils sont aussi les salariés), Départementalisation, réforme foncière, chantiers de récolte de la canne à sucre (manuel, semi-mécanisé, totalement mécanisé), mécanisation légère portable de la coupe (coutelas et épailleuse mécaniques)
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3075.
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3076.More information
This article seeks to present a theoretical framework to interpret the evolution and practice of international law through systemic constraints and situational hazards related to the capitalist mode of production. More specifically, our argument is that in Capital, Marx greatly emphasized that the purpose of the capitalist mode of production is the generation of profits for the capitalist class. However, one of his most controversial theses is what Marx called the “law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall”, which, due to the historical modification of the organic composition of capital, results in steadily decreasing the rate of profit to a level insufficient in order to guarantee the accumulation of capital and the survival of capitalism. This law, however, is counterbalanced by “opposing influences” that result in the reverse effect of increasing this rate and maintaining it at a sufficient level in order to ensure the survival of capitalism. Even if this law is subject to controversy and will not be considered in this article, the opposing influences will constitute the core of its conceptual framework. This article divides the postwar period into four sub-periods that are characterized by different average rates of profit at the international level, and then proceeds to present a historical interpretation through which we will put in correlation and analyze the interrelation between two different historical backgrounds (the evolution of rates of profit and of international law). We will explore whether international law was influenced by the evolution of rates of profit, and as such created institutions or practices whose objective is to favour the opposing influences to the decrease of rates of profit.
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3077.More information
The vulnerability of coastal zones to the impacts of climate change and risks is the result of the synergy of natural and human impacts on the natural environment, which together create a vulnerable socio-ecological system. In order to account for that duality, theoretical approaches such as the exposition/sensitivity or risk/hazard couples have been developed for the evaluation of climate vulnerability indices or in risk management. Often, these approaches are only implemented in a punctual manner and do not integrate the historical evolution of the territory and of its vulnerability. Here, we address the historical dimension of vulnerability, that is how the planning, use and vocation of the territories have contributed to create vulnerability. We will describe how the climate vulnerability of certain territories in France, Senegal and Atlantic Canada is determined by the evolution of land use, of demographic, economic, environmental, social and cultural aspects that evolve on different time scales, secular in some cases, more recent in others. It can be observed that different historical trajectories, e.g. the development of coastal tourism, the opening of the territory through new transport means, the evolution of coastal activities such as fishing or demographic change resulting from adverse climatic conditions in the hinterland can make a territory vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and hazards. The synergy between these different transformations of the coastal zone and the new element of climate change draw the portrait of a constantly evolving vulnerability.
Keywords: changements climatiques, augmentation du niveau de la mer, développement côtier, risque, aléa, vulnérabilité, adaptation, perception, climate change, sea level rise, coastal development, risk, hazard, vulnerability, adaptation, perception