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The fall of the Soviet regime opened several possible paths to democratic development in Hungary. This article looks at two major trends, one related to the democratization of the country and the other to the reform of public services. The author first presents empirical data clearly showing the growth of the nonprofit sector and then focuses on the difficulty of squaring civil society's need for independence with its need for government support in a country in transition. She describes two instruments: the 1% system and the National Civil Fund, which was invented in Hungary to enable civil society organizations to maintain their independence while also receiving funding. In addition, she analyzes the rise in contracting out public services and the role nonprofit organizations play in economic growth in general and in employment policies in particular. These specific features of the Hungarian third sector lead the author to identify a trend that seems set to last—the gradual shift away from the nonprofit concept and towards the social economy concept.
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60.More information
AbstractThe Atlantic orientation of Central Europe is analyzed through three country case studies: Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic. The analysis shows that this ideology, adopted just after the end of the Cold War, was neither logical nor clear-cut, but instead arose from a political construction, the mechanics of which varied from country to country. Atlanticism was the result of the interplay between national political forces, the formation of cultural ties, and geopolitical considerations. And although the specifics of its emergence may have varied, the reasons motivating it were similar: needs related to security and identity. Finally, the examples cited here show to what extent painful pasts have shaped foreign policy.
Keywords: atlantisme, Europe centrale, Otan, Russie, politique étrangère, Atlanticism, Central Europe, Nato, Russia, foreign policy, Atlantismo, Europa Central, Otan, Rusia, política exterior