Documents found
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2251.More information
As we approach the end of this century, Quebec's secondary schools are celebrating their 30th anniversary. Born in the wave of educational reform in the 1960s, they have increasingly taken on their own identity, an institutional culture strongly marked by the colour of their time. Studies of nine secondary school institutes conducted between 1991 and 1995 serve as a background for this retrospective on the organizational culture of Quebec schools. They provide some elements of explanation of the fact that certain schools have succeeded better than others in developing a culture favourable to successful studies.
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2252.More information
AbstractThis article examines ways in which networks of international communication can be regulated, considering that they constitute a non-territorial space that eludes the control of nation-states. The governance of such networks calls into question the role of States in development. Since the end of the 19th century, the State has played a major role in the establishment of infrastructures of communication in the industrialized world. We are witnessing today the crisis of this model. The State, formerly the planner and operator of such networks, has come to be the organizer of an ensemble of private initiatives.The governance of networks of communication raises the problem of regulation of information exchanges. How can freedom of expression, on one side, and copyright restrictions, on the other, be reconciled? Moreover, there is the question of private life versus the needs of national cultures. In order to face such challenges, the traditional forms of regulation—inter-governmental accords, international organizations—are today in competition with new forms of cooperative and communal governance.
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2253.More information
With the adoption of an integrated watershed management orientation in its national water policy, the Quebec Government (2002) confirmed the involvement of civic society in water governance. Therefore, the arrival of new deliberative approaches forces local actors to reorganize their interactions. Using the general concepts of organizational strategic analysis within three cases studies, we describe the adaptations and tensions observed inside watershed organisms and more broadly on the regional scene. We highlight the fact than in the first years of existence of these organisms, procedural issues outclass the intern dynamic, while, on the regional arena, local actors' behaviours are influenced by two distinct conceptions of the model : (1) organisms that support public policy or (2) a community that directly takes care of water issues.
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2254.More information
AbstractThe introduction to this special issue of Circuit entitled La fabrique des oeuvres addresses various reasons for looking into compositional processes, as well as contemporary composers' workshops. A critical assessment of commonly accepted views of musicality as a ‘black box' (of inspiration, social superstructures, etc.) reveals a series of conditions that must be fulfilled before the study of a particular work or creative artist's ‘tool box' may be undertaken. The idea of the ‘workshop' is offered as a guide in order to meet the preceding conditions.The ‘workshop' used to produce works of the past can be reconstructed through genetic criticism, musical analysis, and historical musicology. But various epistemological and methodological problems surround the study of workshops of the present; they are discussed with reference to an essay by Pascal Dusapin and a study undertaken by the authors of composer Philippe Leroux's creative activities. This issue is rooted in a desire to understand contemporary musical composition, and provides readers with various points of view on composition that might be used in comparative studies, and perhaps even to make wider generalizations.
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2255.More information
ABSTRACTThe authors of this article compare the impact of the ethnic concentration of the school, of the level of francization associated with the student's mother tongue and of the length of time the student has been living in the host country on the aptitude for French among Montreal students of immigrant origin. Factorial analysis of data from 896 students of immigrant origin shows that the aptitude for French — which includes students' positive attitudes towards French, their use of French with people around them and their utilization of French language electronic media — is one-dimensional. This aptitude is moderately high among students of immigrant origin, though lower than that of long-established Francophone students (N = 686). Moreover, multiple regression analyses show that the ethnic concentration of the school, which is not related to the aptitude for French among long established Francophone students, is negatively related to that of students of immigrant origin. However, the level of francization associated with the student's mother tongue is a far more significant predictor of the aptitude for French among students of immigrant origirin than the ethnic concentration of the school. Finally, it would seem that neither the fact of students having been born in Canada nor the fact of their having immigrated during the course of their studies has any impact on the phenomenon under investigation.
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2256.More information
SUMMARYThe purpose of this study is to assess the factors which have influenced the evolution of fertility in Québec between 1960 and 1990, in order to have a better focus on short and middle terms fertility's determining factors. A Whittaker-Henderson filter is applied to various variables presumably linked to the total fertility index in order to retrieve and isolate the trend, which then enables to concentrate on residuals' co-variations. A regression analysis then enables to assess the factors' weights and the short term's influence ("business cycle"). Governmental incentives, notably between 1988 and 1990, appear as having contributed, as well as the overall economic conjuncture, to the observed total fertility index raise in the course of this period.
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2257.More information
ABSTRACTThis paper studies the Vietnamese family by exploring family structures. A brief analysis of histoncal data from the colonial period is followed by a more detailed examination of data from the World Bank Living Standards Study 1992-93 including data on 4800 households. In addition to presenting the first nationwide findings on the makeup of Vietnamese households, the paper analyzes the data from an individual viewpoint. This approach allows the author to provide an overview of family life at the various stages of life. Overall, the findings show the complexity of the family environment, the importance of intergenerational relations and the lack of a significant increase in the nuclear family in Vietnam.
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2258.More information
AbstractIn Senegal, there is still a strong association between marriage and procreation in social representations. As a consequence of the later age at first marriage, maternity before marriage is becoming a more frequent reality. By comparing the two very different populations of the capital city (Dakar) and a rural area (Niakhar), we attempt to better understand the ways in which women in Senegal enter into marital and reproductive life and to identify factors associated with premarital births. In Niakhar, urban experience is a determining factor in regard to the risk of becoming an unmarried mother. In Dakar, the fact of having grown up in a rural area increases the risk of having a child before marriage, especially for girls working as maids. It is certainly during this period of premarital life, when individual statuses are precarious, that reproductive health, and reproductive health policies, are most important.
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2259.More information
Jean-Daniel Reynaud : The nature and role of the collective convention in present-day France. The collective convention is a mode of social regulation. The changes in the convention's nature, in the role it plays in relationships between workers and employers, and in its relationship to the law and the regulations have been felt in France over the past twenty years. In these changes we may see an expression of changing social relationships and, more universally, of changes in the "social contract". We may also be able to read some of the features of its future evolution in them.
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2260.
Internet et dynamique des marchés dans le tourisme - Enjeux analytiques et développements empiriques
More informationThis paper analyses the impact of Internet on the organisation of industry and the market dynamics in the tourism activities. Even if e-tourism still stands for a small share of the whole tourism activity, the paper establishes that Internet basically explains the organisation of the activities and markets that emerge today. The first part defines a relevant analytical framework able to apprehend these dynamics. The second part enlightens the evolution resulting from the emergence of e-tourism and the uses of Internet, their impacts on the coordination of the activities and the markets.