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2263.More information
Dual sequences with drug drug[ a] and the question of the anteposition of the preposition When the reciprocal pronoun drug drug[ a] depends on a preposition, grammarians present the interposition as a rule. But the anteposition is also frequent and can be found in many examples in Contemporary Russian as well as in old and Middle Russian language. the study of Russian but also French examples shows that the anteposition can be explained by a cognitive and enunciative process which shows the heterogeneity of the two constituent entities of the configuration.
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2264.More information
This paper examines issues surrounding the use of telephony among Norwegian adolescents. Its theoretical point of departure is based on the notion that there are gender differences and age differences in the way teens use the telephone, and in their access to various types of telephony. The data for this study draw on two sources: qualitative interviews with a sample of 12 families with teens in the greater Oslo area, and a quantitative study of a national sample of 1,000 randomly selected teens. The author examines issues surrounding the gendered nature of the use of various types of telephone terminals, differences in the role of the telephone in the lives of the various teens, and the ways in which the telephone is both an instrument in the teens' coming of age and a source of tension in the home. Findings indicate that the mobile telephone is a particularly important symbol of independence and that the telephone functions as a medium through which girls learn various socialization processes.
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2266.More information
Aware of the harmful effects of traditional strategies to exclude older workers, public authorities are now promoting their retention in employment. In order to understand how and under what conditions this policy objective is or is not translated into concrete practices in the workplace, the article presents an analytical grid, inspired by societal analysis, for understanding the attitudes of companies and workers towards the retention of seniors in employment. The article then tests this grid by studying the practices of two retail companies, one in France and the other in Quebec, around four areas of interpretation: institutional, social dialogue, market and organization.Our study reveals that French legislation, which forces companies with more than 50 employees to negotiate senior agreements, has generated fewer concrete practices for keeping seniors in work than Quebec's incentives for cumulative employment and retirement. Societal analysis makes it possible to interpret this result based on the strong interactions between the different levels and spaces studied in each country. Thus, Quebec's apparent «success» is based, above all, on the difficulty for employees with low wage levels to access sufficient retirement income, in the absence of an employer pension plan (institutional space), and on the accommodation efforts made or even sought by some employers facing labour shortages (market space). Conversely, the apparent «failure» of France can be explained by the need to sign an agreement quickly, which has generally led to a preference for compliance rather than adapting actions to the realities on the ground (institutional space), the presence of trade unions in stores being too low to raise expectations on the ground (social dialogue space), the economic difficulties faced by the brand (market space) and the preference of employees for the fastest possible retirement due to professional fatigue (organizational space) and a relatively high level of retirement income (institutional space).
Keywords: analyse sociétale, séniors, emploi, commerce de détail, France, Québec, societal analysis, seniors, employment, retail trade, France, Québec, análisis societal, trabajadores de edad avanzada, empleo, comercio minorista, Francia, Quebec
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2267.More information
Since their inception, bio-social models of human development suggested that differences in behavioral adaptation are correlated with underlying physiological processes. Among very young children such differences reflect variation in modes of adjustment to the dynamics of the immediate social setting. This study examines relationships between children 's adreno-cortical response and behavioral styles during entry into an unfamiliar peer group. Behavioral activities of 72 three year-olds (12 groups of 6 children) were recorded during the initial 15 minutes of group interaction. Cortisol levels were determined from saliva samples collected immediately before and 15 minutes after the group experience. Multivariate hierarchical analysis of observed activity revealed three primary modes of behavioral adjustment : Engaged, Friendly and Withdrawn social styles. Repeated measures analysis of cortisol responses revealed no systematic relation between styles of social adaptation and absolute levels of cortisol However, comparison ofpre - and post-test changes in cortisol levels showed significant stability for children classified as Engaged and Friendly ; in contrast Withdrawn children were more variable in their physiological reactions. These results illustrate differential constraints of the immediate social context on both physiological and behavioral functioning of young children. Findings support the view that active social involvement facilitates the regulation of underlying physiological processes.
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