Documents found
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2291.More information
Barbara Tillmann, François Madurell, Philippe Lalitte, Emmanuel Bigand -Learning music: prospects on the implicit music learning processes and pedagogical implications Research in auditory cognition domain has shown that even nonmusician listeners have knowledge about the Western tonal musical system. Acquired by mere exposure to musical pieces, this implicit knowledge guides and shapes music perception. The first part of our article presents some research studying implicit learning processes, which are at the origin of musical knowledge of nonmusician listeners, and the perception of musical structures. The second part exposes some ideas on learning and formal instruction of music at school and in music conservatories. The third part makes the link between findings in cognitive psychology and the use of multimedia. It presents some examples of applications for the instruction of learning, perceiving and even creating of contemporary music styles.
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2292.More information
This article communicates results obtained from a study centred on the relations between parents and primary teachers on housing estates. This study also contains a detailed examination of the type of teachers working there, in order to see more clearly how, according to the groups they belong to, these teachers build up their representation of the parents they are in contact whith. After examination of the complex combination of variables, it appears that close links exist between the main social characteristics of tnese teachers, their initial vocational motivations — considering the loss of prestige of the teaching profession — , the conception they have of their role and their perception of the new policy which consists in favouring contacts between schools and the outside world.
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2294.More information
This research describes and analyses how Senegalese university librarians reconcile professional values and cultural values. After outlining and describing the cultural and professional values systems of academic librarians, this article explores how they bring together both value systems. In our opinion, reconciliation is based on how they adapt, bring together and find coherence with the professional and cultural values.
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2295.More information
Peer interventions are likely to take on a growing importance among initiatives aimed at the prevention of HIV transmission. The success of such interventions rests upon the participation of the individuals and groups concerned. Yet, few studies have documented the experiences of participation of individuals who are considered to be particularly vulnerable to HIV, for example street-based female sex workers who inject drugs, who have participated in a peer intervention project focused on the prevention of HIV. The qualitative results of the Projet LUNE, a participatory action research project conducted in Quebec City between 2007 and 2010, are presented in this article. The article discusses the characteristics of the 20 women who were interested in being involved in the peer-helper intervention, their motivations, the factors enabling and hindering their participation as well as the benefits of their involvement for themselves and their community. Results indicate that the women considered themselves to be capable of helping their peers based on their knowledge and experience. Their motivations for being involved evolved throughout the 3-year duration of the project, starting from activism oriented towards supporting their peers then moving to a more personal quest for benefits. Different realities closely linked with drug use seem to have been major impediments to the participation of several women, whereas feelings of being accepted, respected and considered integral to the project facilitated participation. The women who maintained sustained participation in the peer intervention stated that their participation enabled them to introduce some structure and discipline in their life, to learn to know and understand each other better, to acquire skills and to improve their self-esteem. The conclusion includes recommendations for practice that are formulated based on observations of the processes and changes that occurred during the project.
Keywords: recherche-action participative, intervention par les pairs, femmes travailleuses du sexe de rue, personnes utilisatrices de drogues par injection, VIH, participatory action research, peer intervention, street-based female sex workers, injection drug users, HIV, investigación-acción participativa, intervención de los pares, trabajadoras del sexo en la calle, personas consumidoras de drogas por inyección, VIH
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2296.More information
Aim: The aim of this study is to compare and trace profiles of individuals who go to casinos, hippodromes, etc. to gamble (offline gamblers) and those who in addition to it, gamble online (mixed gamblers).Method: A total of 608 players responded to a battery of questionnaire. It consisted of: 1) socio-demographic data (gender, age, family situation, education); 2) measures of gambling; 3) alcohol consumption; 4) measures of anxiety and depression and 5) socio-cognitive measures (cognitive distortions and self-confidence).Results: We notice that our population in majority, consists of women (39% men, 60% women) with a mean age of 53 (Agemin: 17 years, Agemax:76 years, S.D.: 15.97); 55% were married or living together. Only 23.7%(N = 144) of subjects are in/off gamblers. With respect to consumptionof alcohol, 31.5% (N = 191) have problems with alcohol; 19.6% (N = 109)are at moderate risk of pathological gambling and 9% N = 55) arepathological gamblers. Mixed gamblers are significantly younger, playmore, have higher scores on problematic gambling, are more anxious andhave higher levels of alcohol consumption. They also have significantlyhigher scores on cognitive distortions (particularly on the dimensionof predictive control) but on the other hand, have lower levels ofconfidence with respect to their capacity to stop gambling as comparedto offline gamblers.Conclusion: Mixed gamblers are characterized by higher intensity with respect to pathological gambling and cognitive biases. Therefore, special attention should be paid to this fragile population. Some interventional and preventive approaches are proposed.in the conclusion section.
Keywords: jeu pathologique, distorsions cognitives, confiance en soi, Internet, dépendances, pathological gambling, cognitive distortions, self confidence, Internet, addictions, Juego patológico, distorsiones cognitivas, confianza en sí mismo, Internet, dependencias
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2297.More information
Aim: The goal of this study is to assess whether between-role stressors moderate the association between parenthood and alcohol consumption among a Canadian population of adults workers. Method: Using the GENACIS Canada study (GENder Alcohol and Culture: an International Study), the analytical sample includes 6,689 current drinkers (3,403 women and 3,295 men) aged between 18 and 55 and whose daily occupation was “working for pay” at the time they were surveyed. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to test a moderation hypothesis. Results: The main findings can be summarized as follows: i) parenthood is negatively associated to alcohol use; ii) between-role stressors are not associated to men's alcohol use and marginally associated to women's alcohol use; iii) between-role stressors do not moderate the association between the parental role and alcohol use. Conclusion : Future research may investigate the specific processes through which parenthood in itself structures alcohol use. It would also be worthwhile to verify whether the effect of parenthood on alcohol use is intensified within specific drinking contexts where heavy drinking is most likely to occur.
Keywords: consommation d'alcool, rôle parental, conflit de rôles, sexe, GENACIS, Canada, alcohol consumption, parental role, role conflict, gender, GENACIS, Canada, consumo de alcohol, parentalidad, conflicto de roles, sexo, GENACIS, Canadá
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2298.More information
This article contributes to the analysis of the processes of student training mobility and anchorage in Brittany's university cities. Using a quantitative methodology, we have re-examined, on the one hand, the hypothesis that students have become more and more mobile, and we have also looked at their anchorage in the university city (both their residential and urban practices per se). Our reference population is that of IUT (technological university institute) students, at bachelor degree level (Ist, 2nd, and 3rd year) and Breton university MA students (1st and 2nd year).
Keywords: Étudiant, mobilité, pratique spatiale, décohabitation, enseignement supérieur en Bretagne, Student, mobility, spatial practice, living apart, Higher Education in Brittany
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2299.More information
This article presents the results of research that documents the role of a sperm donor known to the lesbian parent families serviced. The overall objective is to analyse how the various players (the biological mother, the social mother, and the donor) stress and express their ways of envisaging parenthood, kinship and fatherhood in a context where more than two adults are required for the reproduction and education of a child. To carry out this analysis, 9 lesbian couples and the 9 donors to their parental projects were interviewed. The results have shown that the sperm donor acted as the middleman in the creation of parental links, thanks to the mothers having structured an “ontological choreography” (Thompson, 2005). These choreographies work in synergy according to the predominance that the mothers give to the daily structuring of their family, to the distancing or integration of the social discourses as regards the importance of the father's involvement for the child's development, along with the creation (or non-creation) of the donor's paternal identity. Finally, it is this that will determine the role of the donor with the children born of his donations.
Keywords: Lesboparenté, donneur connu, parenté, parentalité, paternité, Lesbian parenthood, a known donor, parenthood, kinship, fatherhood
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2300.More information
The present article describes the results of a Quebec exploratory study dealing with the social representations (SR) of parenthood experienced by people with intellectual disabilities or cognitive difficulties (ID/CD). Nine parents took part in individual semi-standardized interviews. As regards the five interviewees who have maintained guardianship of their children, parenthood symbolizes access to an extremely desirable role, the exercise of which stimulates pride, personal uplift, social recognition and commitment. For those whose parenthood is subject to the foster placement of their children, their arguments are blemished due to their feelings of injustice, of suffering and of demotion. These feelings are indeed made clear in their discussions with the child protection representatives and members of their families. The ideas proposed deal with factors likely to slow down or to encourage the development of a positive parental identity and a sufficient parenthood support network.
Keywords: Représentations sociales, attitudes, parentalité, soutien à la famille, identité parentale, Social representation, attitudes, parenthood, family support, parental identity