Documents found
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2762.More information
Aging facilities and an energy transition have prompted the nuclear industry to start dismantling obsolete installations. Teleoperation is at the heart of this process as these installations are complex, difficult to access, and radioactive. The literature on teleoperation shows a predominance of technical aspects, with little information on its uses in a dismantling site, which raises questions about the organizational and human issues involved. This research-intervention analyzes teleoperation activities in the nuclear industry to understand the physical and psychological impacts on teleoperators, based on theories of activity and situated acceptance of technologies. The methodological approach is based on (a) an analysis of internal company documents; (b) 10 individual interviews; (c) participation in work group meetings; and (d) two observations of a teleoperation activity. The aim of this approach is to trace the teleoperation activity of the various actors involved in the deployment of the device, from design to use in the field. Content analysis of observations and interviews reveals that teleoperation is a mediated, multi-faceted activity (confined room, tool guidance and maintenance), characterized by static work, repetitive tasks and multisensory information to be managed simultaneously. These characteristics involve physical and cognitive demands that are likely to have an impact on the teleoperator's well-being. Training for teleoperators appears to be partial, and is mainly carried out in real-life work situations. This study identifies the technical, organizational, and cognitive constraints faced by teleoperators on a dismantling site. It suggests a participative design of a flexible teleoperation tool, involving engineers, site managers, and the teleoperators themselves, based on real activity, with a view to preserving the health of teleoperators and optimizing their performance.
Keywords: Activités, Activities, Téléopération, Teleoperation, Démantèlement, Dismanting, Installations nucléaires, Nuclear facilities, Santé et sécurité, Health and safety
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2764.More information
In this article, we will examine the representation of Artificial Intelligence in three science fiction stories for teenagers and young adults: No Man’s Land (2013) by Loïc Le Pallec, Le Suivant sur la Liste (2014-2015) by Manon Fargetton, and Scarlett et Novak (2014; 2021) by Alain Damasio. Each of these works reimagines the myth of AI's omnipotence in its own way. It manifests through anthropomorphic figures that act and interact with humans, while its algorithmic nature contrasts with its various forms of personification, inviting the reader to adopt a distanced perspective. In the first novel, powerful AI is embodied in intelligent, autonomous, and perfectible robots endowed with sensitivity and consciousness. However, they remain tools in service of humanity, reminding us of the wonders of life. In Damasio's short story, an AI-powered app is used for self-enhancement, but the system is flawed, creating addiction and security issues. Thus, the story revolves around breaking from these simulacra to reconnect with reality. In the last story, the discourse on AI is more ambivalent: a chatbot, initially designed to ensure the post-mortem continuity of a character, becomes part of the daily lives of the main protagonists and eventually acquires a form of ubiquity. The shortcomings of AI are not ignored, yet, in a transhumanist orientation, AI is presented as one of the advances and achievements of the contemporary world. These three speculations about a possible future world open up the debate on AI and encourage critical reflection on the present.
Keywords: littérature jeunesse, youth literature, science-fiction, science fiction, artifical intelligence, intelligence artificielle, sensitivity, sensibilité, human-machine dialogiue, dialogue homme-machine
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2765.More information
Keywords: Perception, Gestionnaires, Soins de fin de vie, Souffrance, Dilemmes éthiques, Infirmières
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2768.More information
Urban commons as a concept and social practice represent a new socio-economic and territorial logic in sustainable urbanism. They take different forms and include several social groups, generating numerous ideas and practices, sometimes new and sometimes in continuity with the past. Experiences of how urban commons contribute to debates are explored in territorial studies, particularly around issues of citizen participation and territorial governance. Through two case studies of urban commons in the city of Bologna in Italy, the structural and contextual conditions that led to their creation are analysed, and the associative dynamics are developed. This article offers an overview of how these projects contribute to participatory territorial development by comparing six elements: inclusion and democratic practices; needs targeted and met; appropriation of urban space; political aspect; feminist values and practices; and ecological values and practices.
Keywords: Urbain commons, Communs urbains, Bologna, Bologne, citizenship, citoyenneté, participation, participation, social movement, mouvement social
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