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AbstractLouis-Sébastien Mercier's 1780 Le Charlatan ou le Docteur Sacroton lends itself to an analysis of what would become a society craving entertainment. Through an eminently theatrical character, this comedy delves on the nascent culture of the simulacrum prevalent in the Age of Enlightenment. The ballyhooer character exaggerates the theatrical illusions, overdoes the spectacular ostentatious effects and suggests a direct relationship between the orator and the listener. Both as a comedian and in his role as a public orator able to work crowds and anticipate their reactions, this character comes across as a convenient form of “artification”, one that may cause doubt about the public space structured by the play. Thus, Mercier establishes a true policy of the wondrous. Beyond the quack's satire and popular beliefs, his words may give life, akin to the mysteries of the Eucharist. Not only can he then sublimate the symbolic effectiveness of the stage process, he can also cast a shadow upon the self-determination and critical minds of an audience whose thinking abilities he just glorified. The goal here is to put forth a precise dramaturgical analysis of the limited affects and the anthropology of attention that prevail.
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346.More information
While access to clean drinking water is deemed a fundamental human right, it remains a challenge for the most marginalized communities, who are compelled to navigate through a myriad of socio-economic and environmental pressures. These challenges include trade-offs in resource allocation, disparities in infrastructure, commercialization of water services, degradation of aquatic ecosystems, and the adverse effects of global climate change. Drawing from empirical research conducted in Senegal, this article delves into the intricate interplay between spatial justice and environmental disparities, shedding light on how social factors intertwine with the quality of living conditions and access to water services. The allocation of water resources, both spatially and temporally, is intricately linked to governance mechanisms and the differential treatment of various regions and demographics. The case of the Saint-Louis region in Senegal serves as a poignant example, highlighting historical injustices such as water shortages and pollution that disproportionately affected indigenous communities during the colonial era and continue to impact rural populations today. Despite efforts to address these challenges through reforms in management practices transitioning from community-based initiatives to recent delegation to private entities significant barriers persist. Access to water resources remains constrained by inadequate supply, prohibitive costs associated with centralized water systems, and persistent organizational inefficiencies.
Keywords: injustices spatiales, inégalités environnementales, accès à l’eau potable, époque coloniale, défi politique, Saint-Louis du Sénégal, spatial injustices, environmental inequalities, access to drinking water, colonial era, political challenge, Saint-Louis of Senegal
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350.More information
The Anecdotes de notre temps depuis 1715 à 1736 is a set of 52 manuscript volumes acquired by the Royal Library in 1789 during the sale after the death of the Duke of Richelieu. Archivists itemized the majority of the volumes in the early 19th century and the documents in these volumes got dispersed in different thematic collections of the National Library of France. They generally combined a text and an image and referred to as anecdotes. Fortunately, a particular stamp assures their traceability and permits to identify them in the National Library. In this manner, an anonymous volume preserves around forty anecdotes containing 67 drawings and engravings of fauna and flora concerning the French colonial empire. A reconstruction was made through an intra-inter-trans structuralist approach to reconstruct first the micro-stories behind each anecdote in order to infirm the date of most of the iconographic documents. This approach also made it possible to determine the nature of the collection in the 19th century but also to identify invariabilities leading to the involvement of Antoine-Denis Raudot, class-intendant and secretary of the French Navy. It is believed that this corpus represents in fact the “pre-anecdotes” until Raudot's death in 1737, from which the Count of Maurepas must have drawn in order to partially compile the 52 volumes of Anecdotes de notre temps during his exile (1749-1774). This result and the fact that Raudot's went to New France (1705-1710) as a second clerk now permitted to identify a second set of eight Canadian anecdotes and to be presented here. The transfer of Raudot's “pre-anecdotes” corpus to Maurepas is explained partially by various events that occurred in 1737, the year when Raudot died (heritage, appropriation, saving).
Keywords: Secrétariat de la Marine, Jardin du Roi, Académie des Sciences, Compagnie des Indes, Cabinet de Curiosités, Circulation des savoirs, Cultures coloniales, Colonies françaises, Iconographie, Premières Nations, Comte de Maurepas, Antoine-Denis Raudot, Duc de Richelieu, Le Masson du Parc, Pierre Le Chevalier, Jussieu, XVIII siècle