Documents found
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254.More information
Social sciences, such as economics, sociology, history, anthropology as well as other disciplines, have attempted for centuries to explain how human societies live and develop (or collapse). Many theories have thus emerged through numerous controversies and many disappointments. For the purpose of this article, I divide these theories into two categories: economic development theories and sociological theories. The former tend to explain why certain human groups manage to generate growth and development, the latter attempt to show how societies live and change. This division is of course debatable but allows us to look at the two major objectives of the text, namely, on the one hand, to understand how human groups in contemporary Morocco have succeeded in developing and improving their levels and modes of life, on the other hand, to show that models different from those commonly practiced in the social sciences (based on the explanatory preeminence of individuals or structures) are possible and provide angles of view that allow us to understand more deeply and more effectively the social systems on which we want to intervene. The modeling described here is “relational” and was carried out using an analytical model constructed by the author, whose name RISE is the acronym for “Relation, Individual, System and Event”. This modeling made it possible to decipher the situation of three societal sites initially considered as emerging in contemporary Morocco.
Keywords: Approche relationnelle, configuration, développement, émergence, événement, individu, modèle analytique, modèle de développement, relation, système, Relational Approach, Configuration, Development, Emergence, Event, Individual, Analytical Model, Development Model, Relation, System
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255.More information
AbstractTwo sociology departments predominated in assuming the development and spread of Marxism in francophone Quebec : the sociology department of the Université de Montréal during the 1960s, followed by that of the Université du Québec à Montréal, during the 1970s. To retrace the origins of this Marxist sociology, two journals will serve as a lead : Parti pris and Socialisme. We shall first of all examine the development of Parti pris, from 1963 to 1968. It may be considered as the cradle of the young generation of Marxists. We shall then study the evolution of the journal Socialisme, during its ten years of publication. Founded in 1964 by the first generation of Marxist or Marxist-oriented sociologists, it passed four years later into the hands of the young generation who edited it until 1974. It would contribute to the creation of a school of original thought, based on the theory and analysis of the national question and social class.
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257.More information
This article aims to investigate from a relational point of view the debates concerning the place of both concepts of negotiation and social transactions in the implementation of French urban policies. It deals with the example of tramway projects developed in two metropolitan areas (Strasbourg and Montpellier). Are those “major” urban projects negotiable, regarding project governance, between elected representatives and technicians, as well as participatory democracy, in relation to citizens individually and associations collectively? We take into account the formal vs. informal dimension of the problematic and the multiple rationalities linked with the recognition of the otherness in the relations between the different social actors, and propose to introduce a distinction between first and second rank transactions in order to reinforce this paradigm at a triple organizational, territorial and sequential level.
Keywords: transaction sociale, négociation, projet urbain, tramway, France, social transaction, negociation, urban project, tram, France, transacción social, negociación, proyecto urbano, tranvía, Francia
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259.More information
SummaryThis paper sets out to illustrate the links between theories of trade unionism and the modes of sociological apprehension related to it. From a re-reading of the different approaches to trade unionism, the author proposes a typology based on researchers' methodological premises, both implicit and explicit. The subsequent discussion suggests some reference points for a re-theorization of trade unionism and their methodological consequences.
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260.