Documents found
-
-
202.More information
The Anecdotes de notre temps depuis 1715 à 1736 is a set of 52 manuscript volumes acquired by the Royal Library in 1789 during the sale after the death of the Duke of Richelieu. Archivists itemized the majority of the volumes in the early 19th century and the documents in these volumes got dispersed in different thematic collections of the National Library of France. They generally combined a text and an image and referred to as anecdotes. Fortunately, a particular stamp assures their traceability and permits to identify them in the National Library. In this manner, an anonymous volume preserves around forty anecdotes containing 67 drawings and engravings of fauna and flora concerning the French colonial empire. A reconstruction was made through an intra-inter-trans structuralist approach to reconstruct first the micro-stories behind each anecdote in order to infirm the date of most of the iconographic documents. This approach also made it possible to determine the nature of the collection in the 19th century but also to identify invariabilities leading to the involvement of Antoine-Denis Raudot, class-intendant and secretary of the French Navy. It is believed that this corpus represents in fact the “pre-anecdotes” until Raudot's death in 1737, from which the Count of Maurepas must have drawn in order to partially compile the 52 volumes of Anecdotes de notre temps during his exile (1749-1774). This result and the fact that Raudot's went to New France (1705-1710) as a second clerk now permitted to identify a second set of eight Canadian anecdotes and to be presented here. The transfer of Raudot's “pre-anecdotes” corpus to Maurepas is explained partially by various events that occurred in 1737, the year when Raudot died (heritage, appropriation, saving).
Keywords: Secrétariat de la Marine, Jardin du Roi, Académie des Sciences, Compagnie des Indes, Cabinet de Curiosités, Circulation des savoirs, Cultures coloniales, Colonies françaises, Iconographie, Premières Nations, Comte de Maurepas, Antoine-Denis Raudot, Duc de Richelieu, Le Masson du Parc, Pierre Le Chevalier, Jussieu, XVIII siècle
-
203.
-
205.More information
Ecological solidarity is one of the fundamental principles of the 2006 law reforming French national parks and the 2016 law on biodiversity, nature and landscapes. In order to make an assessment of the appropriation of this principle in protected areas in France, we explore the use of the term solidarity by national parks and regional nature parks by a textual analysis of their charters. We question the relationship between the use of the three registers of solidarity (ecological, social and economic), with the socio-environmental context of the parks and the representations of human-nature relationships conveyed in the charters. The notion of solidarity appears to be mobilized by both park networks, but the types of solidarity as well as the objects on which these solidarities focus differ. Thus, the references to ecological solidarity and to nature are based either on a formalism of conventional, fictional and motivational beliefs or on a principle of integrated territorial management whose putative character of the public and nature participates in the legitimization of the existence of protected areas and their action. We conclude this exploration by questioning the place of the principle of ecological solidarity in the construction of "capable territories" that participate in the ecological, social, economic and energy transition within and beyond the boundaries of protected areas.
Keywords: analyse textuelle, chartes, parcs nationaux, parcs naturels régionaux, solidarité, solidarité écologique, textual analysis, charters, national parks, regional nature parks, solidarity, ecological solidarity
-
206.More information
ABSTRACTA thin slope deposit occurs under the 45 m thick upper sequence of the classical Wisconsinan of the St. Lawrence Valley. It overlies sediments 14C >39,970 BP (Beta 46 412). Based on its stratigraphie setting and palaeoecological record the unit represents a series of colluvial concave beds, at the foot of a slope, which were deposited on the margin of a river with a moderate erosional capacity, within an area dominated by conifers and in a boreal climate at the beginning of the last regional glacial cycle. The slope sequence includes 1) mud sheets derived from the colluvial cover of the slope which has been repeatedly destabilized by stream undercutting, 2) fluvial sand beds, 3) isolated seasonal-ice rafted cobbles and 4) organic beds consisting of diverse plant debris brought by floods. These deposits have no climatic significance. They were deposited over a short period of time, during re-equilibration phases of the slope, probably at the end of the Saint-Pierre Sediments episode or at the beginning of the submergence of the St. Lawrence Valley by Lake La Vérendrye. The colluvial deposition continued during the lacustrine episode. The slope deposits are interstratified in the Saint-Maurice Rhythmites and indicate the minimal limit of the lake, close to the elevation of the Glens Falls ground-sill in New York State.
-
207.More information
The ground water of the altered and fissured basement of the Olezoawatershed in Centre-South Cameroon provides water to its surroundingpopulation. However, the hydrogeological characteristics of thesebasement aquifers have not yet been well studied. The present study isan attempt to better comprehend the structure and functioning of thesebasement aquifers. It mainly focuses on the description of soilprofiles, structural investigations, as well as hydrometric andpiezometric follow-ups. Preliminary results indicate that the soilprofile is of a polyphase type similar to others observed in otherparts of the world, particularly those developed on granito-gneissicformations, exposed to weathering and erosion. This is an ancientweathering system (10-20 m thick) derived from the degradation oflateritic systems and a more recent weathering (2-3 m thick) developedon the fresh rock. In addition, the profile contains alterationmicroreliefs, the spatial distribution of which can locally influenceflow dynamics. These dynamics are similar to those that commonly occurin basement rocks under wet tropical climates. The hydrometric andpiezometric characteristics indicate that the aquifers are quiteheterogeneous in some areas. The old structural tectonics control theorientation of the drainage pattern. As such, the nature of thelandscape designated by the drainage pattern is at the origin of thegroundwater flow from the upstream towards the downstream. Thedistribution of water flows from the upstream to the downstream showsthe possible influence of physical and hydraulic properties of theaquifer up-gradient from the well. This study is a contribution to theunderstanding of structures and the hydrodynamic functioning ofbasement aquifers. It shows a structural relationship with otheraquifers in other parts of world and the regional specificities whichinfluence the hydrodynamics in the weathered and fissured basement.
Keywords: Piézométrie, hydrométrie, socle altéré et fissuré, Olézoa, Yaoundé, Cameroun, Piezometry, hydrometry, altered and fissured basement, Olezoa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
-
208.More information
Language policies should be designed for speakers, not languages. To this end, trust in speakers and of speakers of indigenous languages could be a guiding principle in the definition of translation policies on at least three points: the right to use one's “heart language” requires constant information on multilingualism for speakers, and also for non-speakers, of the indigenous languages of a given territory; translation and self-translation, terminography and interpreting are likely to support the choice to live in this language; training, resources and linguistic tools are required to enable the exercise of these activities. For this type of translation policy, the Breton case studied here suggests exploring the paths of descriptive rather than prescriptive terminology, dialectology, science and collaborative productions
Keywords: politique de traduction, translation policy, language policy, politique linguistique, langue bretonne, Breton language, multiliguisme, multilingualism, speakers, locuteurs
-
-
210.