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301.More information
When the Revolutionary government in France declared Freedom of the Press in 1789 it did not anticipate the flow of counter-revolutionary pamphlets attacking its decision to nationalize the French Church and require all clergy to swear an oath to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. This article examines the conditions surrounding the printing of these religious pamphlets by investigating the career of one provincial printer in the border town of Metz—Jean-Baptiste Collignon—who worked with émigré bishops to produce them and who was guillotined in 1794 for counterrevolutionary activities. The authors explore the production and distribution of religious pamphlets, the ideological commitment of revolutionary printers, and the regional nature of censorship in the early French Revolution.
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302.More information
This article examines Montreal's petroleum landscapes and their transformation, considering the political and urban planning context surrounding the establishment, growth and subsequent closure of refineries in Montreal's east end. Based on a comparison of the development of Montreal East and Anjou in the twentieth century, we show that the establishment of the oil industry created a path dependence in terms of economic development and spatial planning: the stronger its presence, the more difficult economic reconversion and environmental transition became. However, we also show that a functionalist type of development in Anjou has favoured a smoother economic transition and, more or less involuntarily, enabled certain environmental advances. Our aim is to nuance some of the criticisms levelled at post-war functionalist urban planning and to contribute to debates on the importance of local public policy and the capacity of municipalities to act.
Keywords: paysages pétroliers, raffineries, Montréal-Est, Anjou, aménagement, politiques municipales, reconversion, petroleum landscapes, refineries, Montreal East, Anjou, planning, municipal policies, reconversion
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