Documents found
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8641.More information
In 1953, Quebec premier Maurice Duplessis mandated the Tremblay Commission to inquire into the fiscal aspects of federal-provincial relations in Canada, in the context of the province's struggle against the federal government's postwar centralizing policies. The commission's report, published in 1956, based its recommendations on wide-ranging philosophical reflections, which this article seeks to explore. Under the aegis of three of the most prominent French-Canadian intellectuals of the time, Esdras Minville, Richard Arès, S.J. and François-Albert Angers, the commissioners produced a masterful survey, both theoretical and practical, of traditionalist French-Canadian nationalism, synthesizing both reflections and reform projects that had been developing since the 1920s. The article focuses in particular on the report's « classical-Christian » political thought, which provided the philosophical underpinning for French-Canadian autonomism, justified the report's exhaustive recommendations and was the basis for the ambitious civilizing project, nationalist, conservative and Catholic, that the commissioners developed through the notion of « social federalism ».
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8642.More information
1983 marked a first turning point in the career of director David Cronenberg who chose to turn to literary adaptations rather than original screenplays. However, whatever the relationship he has with the adapted material (King, Ballard, etc.), the figure of William Burroughs remains a constant in his work: an Ur-text. Cronenberg is, in fact, a “Burroughsian” director (a term that it is up to us to define) in all of his adaptations, including the most personal, and the influence of the American writer, of whom he is a reader, is found even in Consumed, a novel by the Canadian published in 2014. We will thus analyze the paradoxical relationship between Cronenberg and Burroughs, the filmmaker taking charge of the impact of the novelist as much in his style as in his themes, while seeking to move away from any imitation and searching for a voice which is unique to him. Also, 1991 is a second turning point in the career of the director who, by adapting Naked Lunch, a novel considered unadaptable by William Burroughs, decides to confront his inevitable model while freeing himself, to a large extent, from the source text. In doing so, Cronenberg definitely plays with the rules of adaptation but also, and perhaps above all, of transgression, and invents a new kind of transposition which says as much about the figure of the insurmountable writer as about that of the artist who questions the mechanisms of the creative process, contagion and authority.
Keywords: David Cronenberg, David Cronenberg, William S. Burroughs, William S. Burroughs, adaptation cinématographique, movie adaptation, cinéma, cinema, cut-up, cut-up
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8643.More information
Since the reform of the Quebec Civil Code, entered in force in January 1994, the Courts are entitled to refer to new rules of interpretation of contracts (articles 1425 to 1442 Q.C.C.). Here are some examples: to look for the common intention of the parties rather than literal meaning of the words, to reach the real nature of the contract in interpreting it and the circumstances in which it was formed, to give the meaning that best conforms to the subject matter of the contract, when words are susceptible of two meanings.The author analyses the conditions of application of these rules and reviews case law and doctrine on the matter. He also comments the nature of rules governing consumer contracts and contracts of adhesion, such as insurance policies, in some contractual stipulations, like external clauses, illegible or incomprehensible clauses, abusive clauses or ambiguous clauses.He concludes by the wish that new rules, when gradually coming to maturity, veritably serve the general economy of insurance contracts and fair balance between the parties.
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8645.More information
For many decades, native languages were largely inaudible or absent from our screens, with filmmakers implicitly participating in the process of linguistic colonization of Native American peoples. The last twenty-five years have seen the emergence of initiatives aimed at revitalizing native languages and remediating the oral tradition, both in print and on screen, in a context of increasing intercultural collaboration. In the Quebec context, filmmakers such as Marquise Lepage, Myriam Verrault and Chloé Leriche work closely with aboriginal individuals and communities, developing horizontal (rather than vertical) relationships with them and integrating them into the creative process. This article examines a particular case of intercultural collaboration, that of the Arnait Video Productions collective, co-founded by Quebec filmmaker Marie-Hélène Cousineau and Inuit elders Susan Avingaq and Madeline Ivalu. Through interviews with Cousineau and drawing on the work of indigenous language specialists, this text looks at the process of translation, seen as an action contributing to cultural and intercultural mediation, but also how this process engenders new ways of seeing, thinking and hearing indigenous languages on screen. Greater attention is paid to the strategies, aesthetic scope and modes of resistance associated with the translation process in Arnait’s trilogy.
Keywords: self-translation, autotraduction, diglossia, diglossie, revitalisation, revitalization, Indigenous languages, langues autochtones, cinema, cinéma
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8648.
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8649.More information
This article explores how Christmas reflects changes in the conception of the sacred, with a focus on childhood. Following a theological and historical overview, the author examines the transformations of this celebration and the growing prominence of children within it. Christmas offers a privileged perspective to observe the reconfigurations of children’s place in society, showcasing various social representations of childhood, such as the child as a victim, the innocent child, and the child subject of rights, which contribute to the sacralization and mythification of childhood. In sum, this article highlights how Christmas illustrates the transformations of the sacred and the contemporary valorization of childhood.
Keywords: Christmas, Noël, sacralization, sacralisation, enfance, childhood, rituels, rituals, mythes, myths, Jésus, Jesus, Santa Claus, père Noël, secularization, sécularisation, children’s rights, droits de l’enfant
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8650.