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SummaryThis paper is a critical study which sets out to highlight the elements and instruments of a theory of transition in the works of Marx. Based on an exegesis of the work, a general theory of transition is exposed, defined principally in terms of the notions of real subsumption (or subordination) and formal subsumption, constructing linkages theoretically between productive forces and the social relationships of production which prevail within societies. At the end of the paper, the author adresses the limits of this theory from the point of view of the transition of societies toward socialism and the definition of the role of ideology in any transition process.
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Isolated and poorly controlled until the end of the XIXe century, Northern Thaïland has gradually been integrated in the Thai national space following the reforms enacted during the reign of Chulalongkorn and the creation of a modem transport network. The abolition of slavery, the replacement of kind by cash for the payment of land rent have been determinant in the evolution of the Siamese social formation and have permitted the penetration of merchant capitalism in the countryside of the North. This penetration only became important after 1950 with the development of cash crops and the increasing town-country differentiation. Petty commodity production carried out by the small land bound peasantry is characteristic of most of the Northern region. But transnational financial capital is being invested in agro-industries which attempt to increasingly control the small production units. These transformations in the relations of production and of productive forces in a social formation whose dominant mode of production from « Asiatic » is becoming capitalist, have had consequences on the organization of space. To a spatial System in rings, inherited from social formations dominated by the asiatic mode of production, is substituted a spatial differentiation which is a function of the lesser or greater penetration of the capitalist mode of production. A concrete analysis of social relations in their linkages with inherited or actual social structures at the regional level is a prerequisite to any criticism of land planning.
Keywords: Formation sociale, mode de production capitaliste, mode de production asiatique, relation ville-campagne, aménagement du territoire, organisation de l'espace, Nord de la Thaïlande, Northern Thailand, social formation, capitalist mode of production, asian mode of production, town-country relations, land planning, spatial organization