McGill University Thèses et mémoires publiés en 1962

Reid, W. (Supervisor)  Read more

A method of automatic measurement and recording of intensities in the near-field range of a microwave (X-band) antenna is described. The measurement is independent of the detector law, and incorporates compensation for fluctuations in the absolute level of the source. Recordings are possible in linear scales in decibel, relative power, or relative field strength unite. The system is an adaptation of the r. f. substitution method of attenuation measurement. A servo-driven Bowen type attenuator is used as the reference standard. The attenuator settings are translated by a function generator into a voltage analog signal for recording on a strip chart …  Read more

This section deals with the investigation that has taken place in the last thirty years on the Epistle to the Ephesians, together with a brief account of critical studies before that time. It was thought that this would serve a useful purpose, since the works of various scholars on this Epistle have not been critically considered in any one article or book. A great deal of space has been devoted to the work of Ernst Percy because he has given us the most thorough investigation of this problem and his work is not available in English.  Read more

The possibility of obtaining two-dimensional turbulent jet flow from a series of closely-spaced uniform holes in line has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The case studied was that of a jet discharging into still fluid of similar density at incompressible speeds. Such a quasi two-dimensional jet is a particular example of a multiple-interfering jet group. [...]  Read more

The design and construction of the McGill intermittent, suckdown supersonic wind tunnel and its instrumentations are described. It operates on the pressure differential between the atmosphere and a 320 cu. ft. vacuum. storage tank. The running time for Mach number of 1 .8 is in the vicinity of twelve seconds with a test section area of approximately four sq. in.. Theoretical as well as experimental performance curves for the wind tunnel are presented. Calibrations of a Mach 1.8 axisymmetric nozzle and a Mach 1.8 two-dimensional nozzle are given in detail. The Mach number distribution compares favourably with other supersonic wind …  Read more

In 1878, Butschli (1878) proposed the name Amoeba blattae for a new species of rhizopod from the alimentary canal of a cockroach, Peri-planeta (then, Blatta) orientalis. This endoparasite was subsequently transferred by Leidy (1879) to his new genus, Endamoeba. A few years later, Casagrandi and Barbagallo-Rapisardi (1895, 1895a) thought, in their turn, that the parasitic amoebae should be separated generically from the free-living ones. But, unaware of the existence of the genus Endamoeba, they proposed Entamoeba as a generic name for both Amoeba blattae and for the large non-pathogenic amoeba of the human intestine, Amoeba coli Grassi (1879).  Read more

Tissues are both morphologically and physiologically divisible into at least two phases. One phase is comprised of either cellular or intracellular material which performs the specific function characteristic of the tissue (for example contraction in the case of the muscle or conduction in the case of nerve). In brain this phase consists of the neurons with its nucleated cell body, axons and dendrites. The other phase is extracellular and contains those anatomic elements and associated fluids essential for the physical support and nutritive maintenance of the cellular phase. In addition there are blood vessels, interstitial fluids, and non nervous connective …  Read more

Dysprosium, one of the rare earth elements, has undergone a great deal of experimental and theoretical investigation in the past few years, principally due to its variety of magnetic states in accessible temperature regions. In particular, it passes from the paramagnetic to the anti-ferromagnetic state at a Néel temperature of 177 K and from the antiferromagnetic to the ferromagnetic state at a Curie temperature of 88 K. It has very recently been determined by neutron diffraction studies that the antiterromagnetic state has a spiral magnetic configuration in which the atomic magnetic moments are lined up ferromagnetically in the basal planes …  Read more

Chemical weathering of rocks including anorthosite is studied experimentally. Photographic expression of anorthosite is then outlined and statistical studies of slopes and grain size of products of weathering are made. Then tone of aerial photographs and color photography are considered. It is concluded that anorthosite should weather faster in areas where vegetation is present, and that the geomorphic expression of anorthosite is mainly related to jointing; in other aspects of surface expression, anorthosite is not different from other rock types.  Read more

Methods for monitoring the intensity of the external proton beam from the 100 Mev McGill Synchrocyclotron were investigated. By using the Faraday Cup and the ionization chamber, it is possible to measure the beam current over a range 10^-14 amp. to 10^-8 amp. An integrator circuit providing the suitable ranges was built and calibrated to 0.4% accuracy. For low beam intensity, high background and short burst experiments, the C11 activation method is recommended. The cross section for C11 activation has been measured to be (63.8 +0.8/-0.6) mb for 96 Mev protons. This will then provide an additional accurate monitor for …  Read more

The South Hopewell Sound area is one of complex Precambrian geology. The present study was suggested by Professor E. H. Kranck of McGill University who visited the area during a journey of research along the east coast of Hudson Bay and James Bay in the summer of 1947. Field work in the area was carried out during the summers of 1959 and 1960. The McGill Carnegie Arctic Institute financed the summer work in 1959. The field work of the summer of 1960 was carried out under the auspices of the Quebec Department of Natural Resources. The area studied is approximately …  Read more

Just over three-quarters of a century ago, Warburg (1) noticed that nitrogen, at low pressures and under the influence of an electrical discharge, emitted a bright yellow glow. In 1900, Lewis (2) observed that the glow persisted for some time after the discharge had ceased and made a number of studies of the spectrum of the glowing gas. Strutt (later Lord Rayleigh) investigated the phenomenon in a more systematic manner (3,4,5,6), and discovered that the glowing gas bad rather remarkable chemical properties. He named the glowing gas "active nitrogen", and suggested that many of its properties could be attributed to …  Read more

Starting with the Bardeen Cooper Schrieffer theory of a superconductivity, it is Shown how C. R. Crowell derived a work function difference between the normal and superconducting states, in terms of the energy gap of a superconductor, from the difference in the free energy between the states. The design and use of a retarding potential planar diode, and the associated circuitry required to observe temperature dependent work function changes near 4°K, are described. Measurements were carried out on a lead sample, above and below its superconducting transition temperature (7.2°K). The failure to observe work function changes related to superconductivity is …  Read more

The subjects were twenty-four 200 to 220 gm, male hooded rats from the Royal Victoria colony. All animals were constantly supplied with food and water, with either one or two rats in a cage. The apparatus was a slight modification of the one used by Thompson and Bryant (195.5). It consisted of a V-shaped choice chamber, 5" wide at the narrow end and 14" wide at the wide end, and a goal box, 14" wide and 12" long. Both choice chamber and goal box bad light-brown walls 13" high. The choice chamber had a grid floor, while the floor of …  Read more

Northern Labrador lies within the Canadian Shield, its bedrock being generally Precambrian in age or, more accurately, Archean in the area covered by this study. (Map 2) (Piloski 1954). Highly metamorphosed paragneisses and gneisses of granitic composition are the major rock-types, but granite and quartzites occur as well. The bedrock is generally coarse grained and weathered into a very rough surface, on which striae are usually absent. In the areas of gneiss, the local variation in petrography is large, as quartz-inclusions and inclusions of granites are numerous (Ill. 80). Because of this, the identification of erratics is extremely difficult, and …  Read more

Loose smut of barley caused by Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. is a disease that becomes evident mainly after heading of the host. The spikes of infected plants emerge from the boot slightly earlier than those of healthy Plants. Powdery masses of spores are formed in place of kernels. These masses of spores are covered at first with a membrane, which ruptures early to expose the dark brown chlamydospores. Under certain conditions, sori may form in the upper leaves mostly in the nag leaf. These sori appear five to ten days before heading. The chlamydospores are dislodged from the smutted heads …  Read more

The work described in this thesis falls into two distinct sections; Part I, in which the elucidation of the structure of catalposide is given, and Part II, concerned with carbonium ion formation at the C-10 position in 2,5- seco-A-bisnorcholestane structures. Until a year ago studies on catalposide had been of a most elementary character, the first details regarding its structure being reported at the American Chemical Society Meeting of September, 1960. These preliminary results accord, in part, with those obtained simultaneously in this laboratory, and are discussed within the framework of Part I.  Read more

The shear strengths of silt samples of a given porosity were compared for three different types of triaxial test, under varying conditions of lateral pressure, drainage and saturation. The three types of triaxial test conducted were: I) Unconsolidated drained test on dry silt. II) Unconsolidated undrained test on partially saturated silt. III) Unconsolidated drained test on a partially saturated silt. The maximum strength was exhibited by the dry silt and was considered to be primarily a function of the effective stress on the contact area.  Read more

In Newfoundland the production of ranch mink has been carried on, on a limited scale, for well over twenty years. However, during the last seven years, with the assistance and encouragement of the Newfoundland Government, mink ranching has been co-ordinated and largely centralized near the southern end of Trinity Bay. This region of the Avalon Peninsula was chosen for several reasons, the most important of which was its close proximity to a supply of a large variety of marine products. Trinity Bay is a centre of pothead whale fishing and consequently whale meat and whale liver are normally available as …  Read more

This thesis is concerned particularly with the relation between EEG, and other physiological functions and behaviour within the midrange of psychological function. This midrange is the area bounded on the one hand by the onset of drowsiness in the subject, and on the other by the onset of general behaviour disorganization because of overexcitement, extreme stress, and such states. The broad characteristics of EEG to be found within this range have been outlined by Lindsley (1960): “----- the most aroused or excited state behaviorally is represented by a low voltage fast EEG picture, and is paralleled by poor attention and …  Read more

Mass production, an economic adventure, quickly capitalized on the use of machinery. In the endeavour to achieve more self sufficient machinery, units called "controllers" were invented to replace man's supervision of machines. Process control engineering is the study and design of such "controller" systems. In a feedback control system the control philosophy is that of generating some function of the output, comparing this with an input signals and generating an error signal with which to control the process. Figure 1.2 shows such a closed-loop system with its set point adjustment.  Read more

Fifty-four kimberlite pipes and dykes cut Precambrian granite in the Singida region of Tanganyika. The pipes range from 60 to 2500 feet in diameter, and occur in clusters and lines. The lines follow fracture zones. In addition to intrusive kimberlite, the pipes contain massive to stratified kimberlite tuff and sedimentary-tuffaceous beds. Some pipes have jackets of explosion breccia. The Singida pipes represent the upper parts of kimberlite volcanoes. The kimberlite consists mostly of serpentine which has replaced olivine. Magnesium ilmenite, pyrope, dark green diopside and perovskite are characteristic accessory minerals. After consolidation, the kimberlite was entirely serpentinized, and partly carbonatized …  Read more

A simple semi-classical calculation of direct inelastic scattering of protons by atomic nuclei is performed. The method employed is based on the Impulse Approximation and the variable density Fermi gas model with a diffuse surface. Only those nucleons in the surface of the target nucleus are considered to be capable of contributing to direct interactions. Total inelastic scattering cross sections are presented, and then used to analyze the (p pxn) reaction cross sections of Au197. The method followed is essentially that already proposed by Kavanagh and Bell. Contributions from direct processes inside the nuclear volume have been accounted for by …  Read more

Economics started by being political economy. No wonder then, except for Marshall, that the firm as a subject of study has been somewhat neglected. This political bias remained prevalent in the profession until quite recently. In the beginning, the main efforts were spent on the study of aggregates, for example, industries, and what is regarded today as macro-economies and economic development. The excursions into micro-economies were brief and were oriented towards the making of special tools to meat particular situations. The micro-theories of the 1870's are still the backbone of our body of economic knowledge in that area, although again …  Read more

Electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk or administering adrenaline or noradrenaline leads to pronounced changes in the composition of saliva obtained from the cat's submaxillary gland by simultaneous and/or subsequent chorda stimulation. The concentration of nonelectrolytes found in "normal" parasympathetic saliva rises and the gland becomes permeable to larger molecule: sucrose (MRD = 3.9 A) and raffinose (MRD = 5.1 A) diffuse freely from the plasma into the saliva whereas normally a radius of 3.2 A seems to be limiting. Molecules with radii exceeding 6A show restricted diffusion and inulin (MRD = 14.8 A) does not appear in the …  Read more

In the Introduction, the problems of reconstruction and development of the under-developed countries were noted. The motives behind Canadian foreign aid were then analyzed and two dominating motives appeared evident - humanitarian, and enlightened ‘self-interest’. Chapter one, an analysis of the evolution of parliamentary policy of the three major Canadian political parties, revealed that there were no basic differences among the parties regarding the acceptance and support of foreign aid programs. Such differences as did exist were rather those of degree. Chapter two, an analysis of the administration of foreign aid, revealed that until 1960, the administrative machinery was not …  Read more

For the reaction of nitrogen atoms with molecular oxygen, the nitrogen and oxygen atom concentrations were estimated, at different temperatures and pressures, by addition of excess N0 and measurement of N2O and NO produced. The rate constant was given by 2.3 x 10^12 exp(-5,900/RT) cc mole^-1 sec^-1. The maximum production of oxygen atoms was found to correspond to the maximum amount of HCN produced in the active nitrogen-ethylene reaction. A rate constant of 1.83(+- 0.2) x 10^15 cc^2 mole^-2 sec^-1 was determined for the reaction of nitrogen atoms with oxygen atoms, in the absence of molecular oxygen, at pressures of …  Read more

Carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane, CCl4) was discovered in 1839 by the French chemist and physician, H. V. Regnault, as a product of the action of chlorine upon chloroform in sunlight (1). It is almost insoluble in water, but is miscible with chloroform, alcohol, ether and benzene (1, 2, 3). Its non-flammability and low cost are the chief factors combining to make CC14 one of the most widely-used volatile solvents today. Hardin (1) has prepared an interesting review which traces the history of CC14 through its various applications and uses. For approximately 12 years (1865-67), CCl4 had a short and unhappy trial …  Read more

The recent achievement of the separation of rare earths, and the availability of pure rare earth elements have given a great impetus to the study of their nuclear properties. The greater part of the research done in this region has been to obtain the decay schemes of the various radioactive rare earth nuclides. In this work, a study has been made of the radioactive spallation products of natural dysprosium produced by the bombardment of protons within an energy range of 8 - 90 Mev. Decay characteristics of the reaction products, as well as excitation functions (a plot of yield, expressed …  Read more

Beef cattle production in Eastern Canada has changed considerably in the last twenty years. Prior to that, it was believed that beef could be produced economically only on cheap marginal land under a rather extensive system of farming. Since then, such factors as scarcity of farm labour, tendency towards specialization and good markets have influenced the production of beef cattle on the more fertile and extensively cultivated land. In this way, they are regarded as economical converters of unsaleable and bulky crops, as restorers of organic matter and fertility to the soil and as a means of utilizing more efficiently …  Read more

It has been realized for many years that egg yolk is remarkable for its high content of phosphoprotein. However, considerable uncertainty has existed as to the number and nature of the proteins present in egg yolk. Most of the more recent studies have distinguished two lipoprotein fractions, which have been designated as 'lipovitellin' and 'lipovitellenin'; at one time lipovitellin was regarded as a phospholipophosphoprotein, but more recently it has been realized that the older lipovitellin preparations included a phosphoprotein of relatively very high (about 10%) phosphorus content.  Read more

An investigation is made of the usefulness of a variational method for the calculation of the neutron flux distribution in a cylinder. In particular the method is applied to a long homogeneous cylinder which captures and isotropically scatters neutrons and which is subject to an incurrent of neutrons with an angular distribution proportional to the cosine of the angle between the normal to the surface and the direction of neutron travel. Tables and figures are given to illustrate the accuracy of the “method for cylinders with radii up to four mean free paths and which range from almost purely capturing …  Read more

In this thesis the Feshbach-Lomon Boundary Condition Model for nucleon-nucleon interactions is applied to the Independent Pair Model (or Brueckner theory) of infinite nuclear matter, and to the modified Brueckner theory which includes also the hole-hole interactions. This is accomplished by the construction of a pseudopotential which is equivalent to the Boundary Condition Model in the two-nucleon problem. The pseudopotential is then used in the many-body problem in place of the complicated phenomenological nucleon-nucleon potentials used in more standard treatments. Because of the very simple form of the pseudopotential, the integral equation for the nuclear matter K matrix can be …  Read more

Dans la croissance et le développement de notre pays bilingue il n'y a probablement aucune question qui ait suscité plus de discussion et oui ait provoqué plus d'articles et de déclarations diverses et contradictoires que la question de la langue française au Canada. Nous avons parmi les critiques d'opinion opposée ceux qui louent le parler des Canadiens-français pour sa pureté et son élégance. Au début du dix-huitième siècle, à l'époque oh le français des premiers colons venus de nombreuses provinces de la France était devenu à peu près uniforme, un visiteur de la France, le père Charlevoix, écrivit que "nulle …  Read more

The properties of metallic materials are largely determined by their microstructure, i.e. by the relative amounts and by the arrangement of the phases that make up the microstructure. This fact has not been given the full attention which might seem due to it because, in the development of alloys, metallurgists have concentrated most on the properties of the separate constituents, less on the amount of these constituents and least of all on the disposition of the alloying elements in the final structure A simple illustration of the above remarks can be found in the case of cast iron, an alloy …  Read more

A synoptic and dynamic investigation of the jet stream reveals that in a transverse profile the maximum wind tends to lie along a pseudo-parabolic rather than a horizontal surface. The upwardfacing parabola is identified by a band of warm temperatures on the cyclonic side of the jet core and a band of cold temperatures on the anticyclonic side. The model is shown to be compatible with the thermal wind relationship.  Read more

This thesis describes the successful extraction of the full energy proton beam from the McGill synchrocyclotron. Extraction was achieved by increasing the radial separation for the last few orbits by the process of non-linear regenerative magnetic deflection, and then leading the last orbit into a magnetic channel. Design and installation of the magnetic regenerator and the magnetic channel are described in the main body of this thesis, and theoretical development of the design criteria is given in the appendix. The extracted beam has been focused to a spot 1.3 x 4.8 mm with a divergence of 1° at a position …  Read more

In George Eliot's first full-length novel, Adam Bede, she planned to write "a simple story." She wished to paint "faithful pictures of a monotonous homely existence," that would be "the faithful representing of common-place things." (p.183) This determination to write of ordinary people, and more specifically of the working class, was part of the reaction of Victorian writers against the romantic hero; George Eliot takes great pains to remind the reader that she is writing of common-place people, not of "the loftier sorrows of heroines in satin boots and crinoline, and of heroes riding fiery horses, themselves ridden by still …  Read more

A Precambrian layered gabbroic intrusion about 560 km^2 in area, of the Skaergaard type, crops out on the middle north coast of Labrador. Border zones and a Layered series are recognized, and have the following characteristics and approximate mean thicknesses. The intrusion displays extreme fractionation resulting in larvikite consisting of mesoperthite, fayalite, ferroaugite, and ore as the uppermost differentiate. Mineral variation and differentiation are described by means of quantitative mineralogy.  Read more

Need for Study—A predominant majority of the population of Pakistan is Muslim, that la , it comprises those who call themselves Muslims1, and profess Islam as their religion. There is, however, no single interpretation of Islam that is universally followed throughout Pakistan, or, for that matter, throughout the Muslim world. The Muslims in Pakistan are subdivided into several groups, but no survey, official or unofficial, seems ever to have been made to assess or estimate the numerical strength of the different religious sects. Nevertheless, it may be safely ventured that the single major sect is the Ahl al-Sunnah wa'l-Jama’ah, or …  Read more

The steroids are a widely occuring group of natural products. They are colourless, crystalline solids and structurally related to the tetracyclic cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. This important class of compounds has been the subject of extensive reviews and those by Fieser and Fieser, Shoppee and Klyne are some of the recent ones. The interest in the chemistry of steroids has remained undiminished since the discovery of cholesterol by Michel Eugène Chevreul in 1815. Early interest in this field was largely confined to elucidation of skeletal structure and the interrelationship of various steroids.  Read more

Data presenting two or more sets or related observations may arise in many fields of activity. It is often desirable to measure the relationship which occurs between these two or more statistical series. This relationship may be established and measured by means of correlation techniques. In many statistical problems the relationships among the variables are so complex that simple correlation gives a very incomplete and inadequate answer to the question. In some problems the variables are studied simultaneously in order to find out their interrelations; in others there is one particular variable of interest and the remaining variables are studied …  Read more

Management of public enterprise in Canada has been generally entrusted to a public corporation which, it is argued, provides the necessary managerial freedom from undesirable political control. It is also considered to encourage both productive competitiveness, and a sufficient degree of public control in accordance with the principle of responsible government. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and the Canadian National Railways are under considerable public control through the media of regulatory and investigative agencies, both parliamentary and governmental. Parliament, which constitutes the apex of the administrative pyramid, possesses sufficient opportunities and methods to exercise its control on these corporations. It is …  Read more

Spalanzani (1768) was the first to study regeneration in vertebrates. He discovered this phenomenon in the limbs and tails of newts and frog tadpoles. Since then and particularly during the last seventy odd years, regeneration in vertebrates has been an attractive field of research. The studies have been directed both towards discovering the presence, absence or extent of regenerative capacities in different animals as well as towards reaching an understanding of the actual processes involved.  Read more

From 1834 to 1836 the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope was in a state of fermentation that was to bring about, in the whole of South Africa, changes which were as great as they were unforescen - The emancipation of slaves and the compensation of their owners. The English Parliament voted for the latter purpose, a sum of 20,000 pounds but unfortunately, that amount proved insufficient to pay the compensation in full, with the result that grave disatisfaction was caused everywhere, espacially in South Africa where the slaves numbered 35,000.  Read more

Basic assumptions throughout the linear baroclinic model proposed by Fleagle (1957) for atmospheric motions are re-evaluated to assess applicability of the model for vertical motion computations in connection with potential-kinetic energy conversions in the stratosphere. It is found that some revisions are necessary to adequately describe very long wave activity, dominant at these levels, under the high stability conditions present. The source of the difficulties is found in the scaling of parameters of the zonal flow. Simple, but computationally awkward, corrections are suggested, and their affect partially traced through the model.  Read more

This thesis presents a new method of analyzing Gaussian distributions as found in photopeaks in scintillation spectrometry. The technique provides an improvement in accuracy and convenience for obtaining line widths and positions over previously available methods. Some aspects of energy resolution of scintillation counters are investigated, and a semi-graphical method is described for resolving lines that overlap too much to be easily analyzed by other techniques.  Read more

The substantial increase in chicken broiler production in recent years has created a demand for a steady supply of broiler chicks in order to keep pace with consumer demand for poultry meats of this kind. Meat-type pullets therefore constitute a significant part of pullet replacement programs each year as these pullets eventually become the breeding hens that provide hatching eggs for the broiler industry. Methods of feeding have been given serious attention for many years and considerable variation in feeding systems is encountered in recommendations for the feeding of poultry.  Read more

The self preserving free jet in streaming flow has been investigated by studying the equations of mean motion for two-dimensional turbulent flow. It is found that at high Reynolds nurnber the jet may be self preserving if the free stream velocity varies as the downstream co-ordinate to a power which in turn depends on the non-dimensional velocity of the jet. The growth of the jet is then linear. The effect of an upstream boundary-Iayer on the outside of the slot is also considered. This analysis is then applied to the outer part of a wall jet in a similar pressure …  Read more

The self preserving free jet in streaming flow has been inveestigated by studying the equations of mean notion for two-dimensional turbulent flow. It is found that at high Reynolds number the jet may be self preserving if the free stream velocity varies as the downstream co-ordinate to a power which in turn depends on the non-dimensional velocity of the jet. The growth of the jet is then linear. The effect of an upstream boundary-layer on the outside of the slot is also cconsidered. This analysis is then applied to the outer part of the wall jet in a similar pressure …  Read more