Résumés
Abstract
In the 19th century, arsenic was a commonly used additive and colourant found in paper, clothing, household goods, personal products, and even confectionary items. Although most of these toxic products have long been removed from public consumption, books created using copper acetoarsenite, a green pigment, remain in our libraries and personal collections, with potential health implications. This article focuses on identifying 19th-century books in the Queen’s University Library, Kingston, suspected to contain copper acetoarsenite or emerald green. Based on visual identification, 150 books published between 1797 and 1900 were selected from the collections for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy testing to detect the arsenical colourant. Results revealed that 28 books tested contained significant amounts of arsenic in their bookcloth, covering paper, surface decoration, endpapers, or fore-edges.
These findings underscore the necessity to implement proper handling and storage protocols and conservation strategies to mitigate the risk of arsenic exposure to library staff, researchers, and patrons. Moreover, this research contributes to the broader understanding of arsenic’s impact on cultural heritage preservation, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between librarians, conservators, archivists, historians, and scientists. By documenting and addressing arsenic contamination in library collections, institutions can safeguard the well-being of individuals interacting with these materials while preserving these cultural heritage items for the future.
Keywords:
- arsenic,
- bookcloth,
- emerald green,
- 19th century,
- special collections
Résumé
Au 19e siècle, l'arsenic était un additif et un colorant couramment utilisé dans le papier, les vêtements, les articles ménagers, les produits personnels et même les confiseries. Bien que la plupart de ces produits toxiques aient depuis longtemps été retirés de la consommation publique, les livres créés à l'aide d'acétoarsénite de cuivre, un pigment vert, restent dans nos bibliothèques et collections personnelles, avec des implications potentielles pour la santé. Cet article se concentre sur l'identification de livres du XIXe siècle dans la Bibliothèque de l'Université Queen's, à Kingston, soupçonnés de contenir de l'acétoarsénite de cuivre ou du vert émeraude. Sur la base d'une identification visuelle, 150 livres publiés entre 1797 et 1900 ont été sélectionnés dans les collections pour des tests de spectroscopie de fluorescence X (SFX) afin de détecter le colorant arsenical. Les résultats ont révélé que 28 livres testés contenaient des quantités importantes d'arsenic dans leur tissu, leur papier de couverture, leur décoration de surface, leurs pages de garde ou leurs avant-bords.
Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité de mettre en oeuvre des protocoles de manipulation et de stockage appropriés et des stratégies de conservation pour atténuer le risque d'exposition à l'arsenic pour le personnel des bibliothèques, les chercheuses.eurs et les usagères.ers. De plus, cette recherche contribue à une compréhension plus large de l'impact de l'arsenic sur la préservation du patrimoine culturel, soulignant l'importance de la collaboration interdisciplinaire entre bibliothécaires, conservatrices.teurs, archivistes, historien.ne.s et scientifiques. En documentant et en traitant la contamination à l'arsenic dans les collections des bibliothèques, les institutions peuvent préserver le bien-être des personnes qui interagissent avec ces documents tout en préservant ces éléments du patrimoine culturel pour l'avenir.
Mots-clés :
- arsenic,
- collections spéciales,
- toile à livres,
- vert émeraude,
- XIXe siècle
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Parties annexes
Biographical notes
Kim Bell MA, MLIS is the Coordinator at W.D. Jordan Rare Books and Special Collections, Queen’s University. In addition to arsenical books, her research focuses on publishers’ bindings, particularly the intricate relationship between design genres and Canadian intellectual culture in the late 19th century.
Robin Canham has a Bachelor of Arts (English) from the University of Regina, and a Master of Information Studies, specializing in Library Studies, from the University of Toronto. After working as an academic librarian for several years, she returned to post-secondary studies at Queen’s University, completing a Master of Art Conservation. She served as the 2022-23 Kress Conservation Fellow at Queen’s University Library, W.D. Jordan Rare Books and Special Collections. Robin is now the Conservator at the Royal Saskatchewan Museum.
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