Résumés
Abstract
This study provides a snapshot of tenure at Canadian post-secondary music institutions, with a particular focus on gender and race/ethnicity. The data show tenure has been granted at high rates over a five-year period, and that women are no more or less likely to achieve tenure than men. However, more men than women hold both tenured and tenure-track positions, at a ratio of 2:1. The sample size of non-white faculty was not large enough to conduct statistical analyses about tenure rates in relation to race/ethnicity, although the extremely low rates of non-white tenure-track faculty suggest that diversity remains a concern in post-secondary music programs.
Résumé
Cette étude donne un aperçu de l’obtention de la permanence dans les institutions canadiennes universitaires d’enseignement de la musique, en se concentrant en particulier sur les facteurs de genre et de race/ethnicité. Les données montrent que la permanence a été octroyée à un taux élevé sur une période de cinq ans, et que les femmes n’ont pas plus ou moins de chances de l’obtenir que les hommes. Cependant, il a été observé que plus d’hommes que de femmes occupent les postes réunis avec permanence et menant à la permanence, et ce, dans une proportion de 2 à 1. L’échantillon des professeurs non-blanc n’était pas suffisamment important pour effectuer des analyses statistiques sur les taux de permanence en rapport avec la race et l’ethnicité, bien que les taux très bas de non-blancs à des postes menant à la permanence suggèrent que la diversité demeure une préoccupation dans les programmes postsecondaires d’enseignement de la musique.
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Biographical notes
Dr. Louis Bergonzi is the Daniel J. Perrino Professor in Music Education, and Professor of Orchestral Conducting at the University of Illinois, where he conducts the Philharmonia Orchestra. His current research investigates whether music classrooms, peers, and teachers are more supportive of all students than non-music counterparts.
Dr. Deanna Yerichuk holds a PhD in Music Education from the University of Toronto, where her research focused on community music and nation-building in Canada’s social reform era. She currently lives in Edmonton, Alberta with her family, where she continues her work as a Visiting Researcher at the University of Alberta.
Kiera Galway is a PhD Candidate in Music Education at the University of Toronto, exploring the ways community musicians in Canada use music to mediate experience in space and place. Kiera currently teaches in the Education faculty at Memorial University in St. John’s, NL and is Director of Music at the Basilica of St. John the Baptist.
Dr. Elizabeth Gould serves as Associate Professor in Music Education at the University of Toronto. Her research focuses on gender and sexuality in the context of feminisms, Deleuzian, and queer theories.
Bibliography
- Acker, Sandra, Michelle Webber, and Elizabeth Smyth. 2012. “Tenure Troubles and Equity Matter in Canadian Academe.” British Journal of Sociology in Education 33 (5): 743–61, DOI: 10.10801/01425692.2012.674789.
- Anonymous. 2003. “The Status of Black Faculty in the Music Departments of the Nation’s Highest-Ranked Universities.” Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 39:54–55.
- Armenti, Carmen. 2004a. “Gender as a Barrier for Women with Children in Academe.” Canadian Journal of Higher Education 34 (1): 1–26.
- Armenti, Carmen. 2004b. “May Babies and Posttenure Babies: Maternal Decisions of Women Professors.” Review of Higher Education 27 (2): 211–31.
- Block, Adrienne. 1988. “The Status of Women in College Music, 1986–87.” In Women’s Studies/Women’s Status. The College Music Society report no. 5. Boulder, CO: College Music Society.
- Block, Adrienne. 1974. “Women in the Profession of Higher Education.” College Music Symposium 40:55–61.
- Boyd, Tammy, Rosa Cintrón, and Mia Alexander-Snow. 2010. “The Experience of Being a Junior Minority Female Faculty Member.” Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table 2:1–23. http://forumonpublicpolicy.com/spring2010.vol2010/spring2010archive/boyd.pdf.
- Colbeck, Carol, and Robert Drago. 2005. “Accept, Avoid, Resist: How Faculty Members Respond to Bias against Caregiving … and How Departments Can Help.” Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 37(6): 10–19.
- Cooper, Joanne E., and Dannelle D. Stevens. 2002. Tenure in the Sacred Grove: Issues and Strategies for Women and Minority Faculty. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Curtis, John. 2014. “Data Point.” Chronicle of Higher Education 60 (31): A23.
- Damasco, Ione, and Dracine Hodges. 2012. “Tenure and Promotion Experiences of Academic Librarians of Color.” College and Research Libraries 73 (3): 279–301, doi: 10.5860/crl-244.
- Dehaas, Josh. 2012. “The 2013 Maclean’s University Rankings.” Maclean’s, 1 November. http://www.macleans.ca/education/uniandcollege/2013-university-rankings/.
- Diggs, Gregory A., Dorothy F. Garrison-Wade, Diane Estrada, and Rene Galindo. 2009. “Smiling Faces and Colored Spaces: The Experiences of Faculty of Color Pursuing Tenure in the Academy.” Urban Review 41:312–33.
- Dobbie, David, and Ian Robinson. 2008. “Reorganizing Higher Education in the United States and Canada.” Labor Studies Journal 33 (2): 117–40.
- Dooris, Michael J., and Marianne Guidos. 2006. “Tenure Achievement Rates at Research Universities.” Paper presented at the Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research. Education 37 (3): 555–68.
- Dwyer, Mary. 2013. “Measuring Excellence.” Maclean’s, 30 October. http://www.macleans.ca/education/unirankings/measuring-excellence-2-2/.
- Fenelon, James. 2003. “Race, Research, and Tenure: Institutional Credibility and the Incorporation of African, Latino, and American Indian Faculty.” Journal of Black Studies 34 (1): 87–100.
- Finkel, Susan K., and Steven G. Olswang. 1996. “Child Rearing as a Career Impediment to Women Assistant Professors.” Review of Higher Education 19 (2): 123–39.
- Gould, Elizabeth. 2011. “Publish(ed) and Perish(ing) in Music and Music Education.” Paper presented at the Leading Music Education International Conference, University of Western Ontario, 28 May–11 June 2011.
- Higher Education Arts Data Services. 2010. Data Summaries 2009–2010: Music. Reston, VA: Higher Education Arts Data Services.
- Holmes, Sharon L., Lynette Danley Land, and Veronica D. Hinton-Hudson. 2007. “Race Still Matters: Considerations for Mentoring Black Women in Academe.” Negro Educational Review 58 (1/2): 105–29.
- IBM. 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, v. 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM.
- Mason, Mary Ann, and Marc Goulden. 2002. “Do Babies Matter?” Academe 88 (6): 21–7.
- Mason, Mary Ann, and Marc Goulden. 2004. “Do Babies Matter (Part II)?” Academe 90 (6): 11–15.
- Mclean, Don, and Dean Jobin-Bevans. 2009. “Survey of University-Based Music Programs in Canada.” Intersections 29 (1): 89–104.
- Miller, Fredrick, Robert J. Werner, and William Hipp. 2006. Musical Chairs: A Management Handbook for Music Executives in Higher Education. Montana: College Music Society.
- Neuls-Bates, Carol. 1976. “The Status of Women in College Music: Preliminary Studies.” College Music Society Report no. 1. Proceedings of the Meeting on Women in the Profession, Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the College Music Society, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 15 February 1975. Binghamton, NY: College Music Society.
- Norrell, J. Elizabeth, and Thomas H. Norrell. 1996. “Faculty and Family Policies in Higher Education.” Journal of Family Issues 17 (2): 204–26.
- Ornstein, M., P. Stewart, and J. Drakich. (2007). “Promotion at Canadian Universities: The Intersection of Gender, Discipline, and Institution.” Canadian Journal of Higher Education 37 (3): 1–25.
- Payne, Barbara. 1996. “The Gender Gap: Women on Music Faculties in American Colleges and Universities, 1993–1994.” College Music Symposium 36:73–90.
- Perna, Laura W. 2001. “Sex and Race Differences in Faculty Tenure and Promotion.” Research in Higher Education 42(5): 541–67.
- Renton, Barbara Hampton. 1980. The Status of Women in College Music, 1976–77: A Statistical Study. College Music Society report no. 2. Renton, VA: College Music Society.
- Rosen, Ruth. 1999. “Secrets of the Second Sex in Scholarly Life.” Chronicle of Higher Education, 30 July, A48.
- “Sessional Concerns.” 2007. Chair’s report to the UVic Academic Women’s Caucus. https://awcuvic.wordpress.com/current-issues/sessional-concerns/.
- Statistics Canada. 2011. “Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.” Catalogue no. 99–010-XWE2011006. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/ref/guides/99-010-x/99-010-x2011006-eng.cfm.
- Stewart, Penni, Michael Ornstein, and Janice Drakich. 2009. “Gender and Promotion at Canadian Universities.” Canadian Review of Sociology 46 (1): 59–85.
- Suitor, J. Jill, Dorothy Mecom, and Ilana S. Feld. 2001. “Gender, Household Labor, and Scholarly Productivity among University Professors.” Gender Issues 19 (4): 50–67.
- Thomas, Earl. 2006. “Higher Education’s Challenge: Recruiting and Retaining Minority Faculty.” Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education 16 (22): 64.
- Trower, Cathy A. 2002. “Why so Few Minority Faculty and What to Do? Diversifying the Region’s Professoriate.” Connection: New England’s Journal of Higher Education 17 (2): 25–7.
- Wright, Ednita M., and Diane S. Young. 2001. “Mothers Making Tenure.” Journal of Social Work Education 37 (3): 555–68.