McGill University Thèses et mémoires publiés en 1942

Of recent years, following the elucidation of the oonstitution and structure of the more common mono- and di-saccharides, the attention of carbohydrate chemists has been focussed more and more strongly on the higher polysaccharides. For example, among the plant polysaccharides, it has been definitely established that cellulose is a long linear-chain polymer formed from anhydro-glucose units. In the case of inulin and levan, the chain is made up of anhydro-fructose units, while xylan and other pentosans are linear anhydro-pentose polymers.  Lire la suite

That the individuals of a species resemble one another has been accounted for by their having a common growth pattern pertaining to the species alone. By growth pattern, it has been meant both the definite temporal order according to which growth starts in one part of an organism after another and the definite relationships among the growth rates of the different parts. (Weiss '39) In the presence of a growth promoting factor, the different parts of the organism may, or may not, respond to the same extent. [...]  Lire la suite

In electrowinning of metals from aquous solutions and in many other electrochemical industries where insoluble anodes are necessary, lead and lead-base alloys are among the most important anode materials. Other anodes may be desirable under certain circumstances but lead and lead alloy anodes hold their unique position whenever the electrolyte used happens to be a sulfate solution and, since sulfuric acid is a cheap solvant which is widely used in electrochemical and electrometallurgical processes, lead and lead alloy anodes have frequently been found unsurpassable in practice. [...]  Lire la suite

The efficiency of canister charcoals in protecting against phosgene has been investigated over a wide range of phosgene concentrations and under varying moisture conditions of the air stream and the charcoal. The gases present in the effluent air stream when phosgene is passed through a charcoal bed have been determined over a wide range of phosgene concentrations and relative humidity. The magnitude of the time lag between the appearance of HCl and phosgene in the effluent air stream has been determined at varying phosgene concentrations and under varying moisture conditions, and the significance of this time lag for mixtures of …  Lire la suite

Methods of estimating the excretory capacity of the kidney by the administration of various compounds and the determination of their concentration in the urine have long been in use. The specificity of these tests has increased to the point, where, today, we are able to determine not only the efficiency of the kidney as a whole, but of the various parts of that organ. Some of the earliest tests were performed on man and among these were the observations of Todd (69) and Charcot (5), Roberts (56), Duckworth (13) and Chauvet (7) who published accounts of the excretion, in disease, …  Lire la suite

The first successful production of fluorine electrolytically was carried out by H. Moissan (1). He electrolysed anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, to which potassium hydrogen fluoride had been added to render it conducting. A platinum U-tube was used as a container, the openings being closed with fluorite stoppers in which platinum-iridium electrodes were set. Later he found a copper container to be satisfactory, but platinum electrodes were necessary, copper electrodes being unsuitable due to the formation of a non-conducting film of copper fluoride. He cooled the container with chloromethane to prevent excessive loss of hydrogen fluoride due to the heat generated by …  Lire la suite

Candidates for the Ph.D. degree are required to justify their addition of still another thesis to the infinitude already in existence. It is, therefore, in obedience to law, and not in the spirit of vainglory, that l claim to have made a contribution to knowledge. As far as l have been able to discover, no work exists which describes the economic life of New France, in all its aspects during any period of its history. There are a number of monographs. J.N. Fauteux has written an excellent book on industry, M. Salone has dealt with colonization, H.A. Innis includes the …  Lire la suite

Variation in soils formed under different combinations of soil forming factors is to be expected. and such variation may be visible on observation of the soil itself. However, that appreciable soil variation should exist within the same area and within relatively short distances in fields selected for their uniformity has not been so fully realized.  Lire la suite

The microorganisms of the genera Micrococcus and Staphylococeus belong to the family Micrococcaceae, which is defined in Bergey's Manuel of Determinative Baeteriology {2) as follows: Family Mierococcaceae Cells in their free condition spherical; during division somewhat elliptical. Division in two or three planes. If the cella remain in contact after division, they are frequently flattened in the plane of division, and occur singly, in pairs, tetrade, packets or irregular masses. Motility rare.[...]  Lire la suite

The close relationship existing between the ovaries and the secondary sex characteristics has been recognized for many centuries. In the early experiments the observations were, however, confined to morphological and physiological changes in the external characteristics after removal of the genital glands. It was not until 1896 that Landau noted uterine atrophy following removal of the ovaries and attempted, though unsuccessfully, to correct this effect in the human through oral administration of desiccated ovarian glands. [...]  Lire la suite

Cette thèse a pour but de démontrer, par une analyse minutieuse de chacune de ses oeuvres principales, que Marie Le Franc, romancière de la Bretagne et du Canada, bien qu'elle n'appartienne pas au petit groupe de grands artistes immortels,a une place dans l'histoire de la littérature contemporaine. [...]  Lire la suite

Until comparatively recently, general intelligence was regarded as innately fixed, unmodifiable and relatively unaffected by environmental factors. However, results of research undertaken during the past two decades suggest that the intelligence of children may undergo modification under certain gross environmental conditions, in accordance with certain general and fairly clear principles. Although much more experimentation and investigation are necessary to supplement existing data, and although the tools of measurement require revision before any sound conclusions can be arrived at, one must be willing to accept the fact, that intelligence is possibly more plastic and modifiable than has hitherto been believed possible. …  Lire la suite

This study was undertaken with the hope that the application of a new method to the study of an old problem might remove some of the contradictory ideas that exist concerning the blood supply of the normal and abnormal human kidney. The importance of an accurate knowledge of the blood supply in the normal and diseased human kidney is realized when we consider that for over one hundred years controversy has raged in regard to the relation of renal disease to hypertension. With the recent production (1932-1938) by Goldblatt and others of experimental hypertension by constriction of the main renal …  Lire la suite

Vegetable dehydration, or the scientificdrying of vegetables for domestic use has made greatprogress particularly during recent months. Contraryto popular opinion however, the demand for these vegatablesis very limited. Small quantities have beenbought for certain branches of the services, and limitedamounts have been purchased as emergency reserve rationsfor military and naval establishments (25). But keepingin mind the constantly changing conditions created by war,it is quite probable that in the future, dehydratedvegetables might be required in considerable quantity.[...]  Lire la suite

The dimolecular reduction of hexamethyl acetone has been studiedin order to test the mobility of the tertiary butyl groups. The glycolobtained from the reaction has not been previously described andappears to constitute the first recognized case of geometrical isomerismin symmetrically substituted ethylene glycols. Attampts to carryout a pinacoline rearrangement gave a mixture of unidentified olefinesand apparent no migration of the tertiar,y butyl group. It has alsobeen shown that the glycol possesses an abnonmally low molecular weightin benzene.The results obtained differ radically from those reported byFavorsky and Nazarov, the only previous workers in this field.The benzilic acid rearrangement of ditertiarj butyl …  Lire la suite

A study of the fluorides of sulfur has revealed that disulfur decafluoride (S2F10) is a toxic material. It is more toxic than phosgene and has special merits as an agent of chemical warfare. The yield of S2F10 is increased by the fluorination of sulfur (by fluorine diluted with nitrogen) in the presence of certain fluorides. At the same time the yield of other lower fluorides of sulfur was increased and the yield of SF6 was decreased. HS solutions thickened with polyvinyl acetate are “stabilized” by the addition of acetic anhydride provided iron is excluded from the solutions. The method of …  Lire la suite

Puisqu'il n'y a pas de critique récente qui vise atracer la vogue shakespearienne en soulignant le rôlequ'y joua Jean François Ducis, nous avons entrepriscette étude qui montrera, nous espérons, l'influence deShakespeare en France jusqu'à l'époque romantique. Dansune notice biographique nous essayerons de présenterDucis, l^omme que personne ne pouvait connaître sansl'aimer. Et puisqu'il y a toujours un rapport entrel'auteur et l'ouvrage, nous signalerons que Duels par sasensiblerie, par son penchant pour le mélodrame et pourun langage artificiel appartenait aN son siècle et au goûtdramatique d'alors bien qu'il se vantât d'être lndlsclplinableet de ne suivre autre poétique que celle de lanature. [...]  Lire la suite

A. Results of analyses of tumors produced on beets by Phytomonas turnefaciens confirm the values of previous workers and show that the tumors utilize sucrose for the synthesis of protoplasm and cell wall material rather than for storage as is the case of the normal tissue. B. The first known studies on the metabolism of living slices of plant tumors have been made. c. Comparison of the metabolism of the tumor and normal tissue (of the beet root) shows striking differences in the mode and rate of sugar metabolism. Special attention has been paid to the Pasteur Effect which is …  Lire la suite

Various compounds were investigated to determine their pro knock activity by adding them to the air intake of, or to the gasoline used by and Ethyl 30 B Knock Testing Engine. The best compound tested was arsenic tri chloride which requires 5.8 parts per million of air by volume to cause a decrease of ten octane units in a leaded gasoline. It was found that the best knock inducer elements were in order of effectiveness: arsenic, antimony and phosphorous. Mercury, vanadium and chromium were also found to be effective. Among the radicals the halogens were most effective, the order being …  Lire la suite

With the advance of civilization throughout the ages -the progress of science and invention, the growth of cultureand art, the steady rise in standards of living, and the everdiminishing distances separating the various peoples of thisearth - there has been an unceasing change in the philosophiesof life. As the demands and the conditions of life havechanged, so too have our conceptions concerning it#Nowhere has this been more noticeable than in thefiaLd of education; particularly in the past century, duringwhich time, our philosophy of education has undergone many radicalchanges. This is especially true about the philosophyof that branch of education which …  Lire la suite

With the advance of civilization throughout the ages - the progress of science and invention, the growth of culture and art, the steady rise in standards of living, and the ever diminishing distances separtating the various peoples of this earth - there has been an unceasing change in the philosophy of life. As the demands and the conditions of life have changed, so too have our conceptions concerning it. [...]  Lire la suite

The ultraviolet absorption curves of a group of newcompounds have been determined.B. Relationships between ohemical structure and absorptionspectra have been found covering some fifty investigatedcompounds representing the basic structuresof pyrocatecbol, pyrogallol and piperonyl substitutedin the 5 positions.0. The polymerization of propylphenol uni ts haa been sbownto exert a marked effeot on the absorption curve of themonomer and in a manner deducible from the relationshipsbetween structure and absorption outlined in (B) wherethe chemical nature of the polymer is known.D. The absorption spectra of spruoe and maple ethanol ligninehave been found to be in agreément with the modernconcepts of 11gn1n structure as …  Lire la suite

[...] Among the fungi which have been found to give better growth on a synthetic medium with a supply of one or more of the known growth substances, the parasitic ones are largely represented. Thus, some of the physiological problems involved in parasitism may be explained, at least tentatively, on the basis of the need of the parasite for the growth substances which it finds in its host plants. The purpose of these studies was to determine the effect of growth substances upon some phytopathogenic fungi with the view that the results might throw some light upon the physiology of …  Lire la suite

Qui ne s'est pas émerveillé en parcourant nos belles campagnes et en visitant nos grandes villes industrielles, d'entendre ici au Québec, à plus de deux mille milles de la mère-patrie, le doux, le véritable parler de France? On le trouve parfois archaïque ce langage, peut-être est-il taché de barbarismes et surtout d'anglicismes qui choquent l'oreille et parfois font hausser les épaules mais il a un fond solidement français, aussi français que ces hardis colons qui tentèrent l'aventure, il y a trois siècles, dans un pays alors inexploré et austère. [...]  Lire la suite

L'hérédité et la vie de François de CurelPour comprendre l'oeuvre de François de Curel, il fautd'abord étudier sa vie. En étudiant la vie des grands géniesdu monde on trouve qu'un grand nombre, qui ont atteint les hauteurssont des révoltés, ayant le courage de s'obstiner à une idée quileur semble magnifique. Ajoutez un étrange hasard dans le cas deFrançois de Curel, et vous avez les origines de sa carri~re littéraire.En étudiant ses drames et ses préfaces nous parvenons ~mieux comprendre la perso~alité de l'auteur, car son existence aune étroite connexité avec son oeuvre. Les historiques de sespièces sont importants pour bien …  Lire la suite

Among the plethora of educational aids available to teachers today - films, school libraries, visual and art exhibits, museum showcases, etc. - there has appeared, during the past two decades, the radio. Fortunately for our schools, indiscriminate acceptance of and enthusiasm for new learning aids has of recent years given way to a properly critical attitude, which the proponents of school broadcasting seem to have found rather more stimulating than discouraging. This thesis seeks to discover what and where use has been made of the radio in the schools of Canada, United States, and Britain; how it is bing used …  Lire la suite

The hydrolysis of formamide, acetamide, propionamide and benzamide and of hydrocyanic acid, acetonitrile, propionitrile and cyanoacetic acid has been studied over a temperature range in concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions of concentration 1-1ON. Propionitrile hydrolysis was also investigated over a range of temperatures in concentrated sulphuric, hydrobromic and nitric acid solutions. The hydrolysis of propionitrile in sodium hydroxide solutions of concentration 0.3-4N has been studied. The products of thermal pyrolysis of acetonitrile and propionitrile were determined at different reaction times. The reaction of hydrogen atoms with propylene has been investigated by the Wood-Bonhoeffer method over the temperature range 30-250°C. The detection …  Lire la suite

The growth of world capitalism has brought with it a spectacular development of state intervention in the functioning of the economic system. The creature of the classical economists, Laissez-Faire, never applied fully, for even in its hey-day, there was a measure of government participation in determining the conditions under which the economy functioned. And as the process of industrialization worked its way and spread, Laissez-Faire increasingly gave way to an ever-expanding measure of restriction from within its own institutions and from the state. [...]  Lire la suite

The Bearpaw formation consists of marine shales with some non-marine beds which outcrop over a large part of southern Saskatchewan, parts of southern Alberta, and extend south into Montana. The search for geological structures favorable for the accumulation of natural gas and petroleum has made the determination of the stratigraphic horizons of individual exposures of this formation important. A paucity of outcrops in many areas, combined with a lack of variation in lithology throughout the formation, makes this difficult. so far the study of the mega-fossils of the Bearpaw formation has given little information which could be used to establish …  Lire la suite

The study presented in this thesis arose as a side-issue of a main investigation on the preservation of whole blood assigned to the Department of Biochemistry, by the National Research Council, shortly after the outbreak of war in 1939. During the recent Spanish Civil War, the extensive use of stored blood in the treatment of wounded soldiers and civilians had demonstrated the practicability and the usefulness of stored blood in modern warfare. As a result, a widespread interest developed in many countries in the improvement of methods of preservation. The idea of the Blood Bank was introduced in the United …  Lire la suite

In important respects Aldous Huxley is a typical English literary intellectual of the period between the Treaty of Versailles and the present war. His early satire of post-war society is one of the most brilliant expressions of the disillusioned spirit of the nineteen twenties, and his rejection of the attitude of spectator, eight years later, in Eyeless In Gaza, for a positive belief in "the spirit of man" is representative of the trend of the nineteen thirties. The development of his thought must, therefore, be examined in relation to the currents of thought and the events of his time. These …  Lire la suite

Depuis la mort de George Sand en 1876, sa renommée littéraire a beaucoup baissé. Aujourd'hui elle est connue à deux titres surtout: comme romancière et comme une femme qui a mené une vie extrêmement libre - libre même parmi les moeurs plutôt affranchies de son époque. Mais i1 y a un autre côté, ou inconnu ou oublié par la plupart du public d'aujourd'hui. C'est l'auteur dramatique, le dramaturge qui, vers la fin de sa vie, a joui d'un succès considérable. C'est dans son théâtre que j'essayerai dans les chapitres suivants de trouver et de mettre à jour quelques sources, et …  Lire la suite

The importance and tremendous advantages of a truly flashless propellent for combat use by army, naval and anti-craft units, particularly at night, are self-evident. Just after the last Great War, nitroguanidine, a previously known compound of only academic interest, was found to be an explosive equal in force to T.N.T., and possessing the exceptional property of exploding with a cool flame and hardly any visible flash (1). When this compound was incorporated with nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, the resulting cordite was found to possess both the cool explosion temperature of nitroguanidine and the same propellant power of ordinary cordite. Picrite, as …  Lire la suite

The stability of acetyl choline in blood was studied in vitro. A method has been developed permitting the complete preservation of acetyl choline in blood for a period of one week in a form suitable tor assay. The syndrome of motion sickness was studied in a large number or dogs. Though the symptoms of motion sickness were found almost identical with those resulting from circulating acetyl choline, no trace of circulating acetyl choline could be detected in the blood of motion-sick animals. Atropine, papaverine and neuro-trasentin were found to have no significant action in delaying the vomiting due to motion. …  Lire la suite

Situé au sommet du grand triangle des voies historiques de la France, et par conséquent à l'endroit où les forces de tout le pays peuvent être le plus facilement centralisées (1), Paris est devenu très tôt le noyau de la France. Ville du roi depuis le VIe siècle, ville de l'université depuis le XIIe siècle, son rayonnement se répandit dans le monde entier. […]  Lire la suite

The Gaspé Peninsula (often referred to simply as Gaspé, the word being derived from the language of the Micmac Indians in the significance of "land's end") is that part of the Province of Quebec situated between the Baie des Chaleurs to the south and the St. Lawrence river to the north. Considering the valley of the Matapedia river as the western boundary, the peninsula has an area of 11,400 square miles, a length of approximately 170 miles, and a maximum width of about half its length. [...]  Lire la suite

[...] The general aim of this enquiry was to collect information on the effects of various types of music on people employed on a simple type of repetitive work, involving the use of one hand only. Since boredom is a personal experience which cannot be directly observed or measured, evidence of its existence must depend to a great extent on introspective data. To obtain such data it is necessary to induce the individual to describe his thoughts and feelings, either in the form of free expression of opinion or in response to questions. The basic assumption used, however, was that …  Lire la suite

Grassland is, for the average farmer in Eastern Canada, the most important and at the same time the most abused of all the crops grown on the average farm. The concept that the best fields on a farm should be used for growing grain and cultivated crops is a very old one. Pasture, in many cases, has been placed on land which was too rough for cultivation, or on land reduced in fertility by previous cropping. Indeed, the idea has been quite prevalent in some sections that it is a waste of land to put pastures on soils which are …  Lire la suite

The subject of this thesis is a study of the vocabulary of the non-literary papyri among the published fragments discovered mainly in the spring of 1902 at El-Hîbeh on the Upper Nile. The purpose of this thesis is to make a comparison of the meanings of words with the meanings of the same words when found in the New Testament. These non-literary fragments, like the New Testament, are written in koiné Greek, and like the New Testament, moreover, to a large extent have little or no literary aspirations. [...]  Lire la suite

As a preliminary to any discussion of the institutional aspects of the Y.M.H.A. of Montreal it is necessary to refer briefly to its history and emergence as a feature of the growth of the Jewish community of the city. This chapter, then, will indicate the more general trends of population and institutional growth of the Jewish community and the relation of the Y.M.H.A. to these. [...]  Lire la suite

Division and growth are the basic phenomena of life. Yet, the mechanics of these processes can never be adequately understood if they be regarded as singularly "vital" activities. For, fundamentally, the cell including all its morphological counterparts, is constituted of the same unit as is the inanimate world, namely the molecule. And, because of this common factor in structure, the reactions involved in an activity as cell-division may be interpreted in terms of those properties of molecular behaviour already investigated and known. Thus, solute molecules in a supersaturated solution which orient and attach themselves to a growing crystal, furnish one …  Lire la suite

The three outstanding causes of death among the acute communicable diseases of childhood (diphtheria, measles and whooping cough) have, in recent years, received a considerable amount of attention by research workers. Advances have been made with respect to prophylaxis and treatment in diphtheria and to a lesser extent in measles. Whooping cough has not shared in this advance commensurate with the urgency of the need. The lack of unanimity of opinion concerning the use of vaccines for active immunity and sera for passive immunity has led to a general apathy in regard to an attempt to conduct a systematic campaign …  Lire la suite

A derivation and application of the Kozeny equation, relating permeability to fluids and specific surface of porous material, are given. The permeability method of surface area measurement has been applied to fibrous materials such as fiber glass, respirator filter pads and sulphite pulp. The change in specific surface of sulphite pulp with beating has been determined. A lower limit has been found for the porosity of pulp beds below which the method is not applicable. A general trend of increasing surface area with volume activity has been found for similar respirator charcoals. An absolute particulate density has been found for …  Lire la suite

Le roman historique est, comme l'indique le nom, un genre hybride qui tient à la fois de l'histoire et de la littérature. Non seulement c'est un melange de réalité et de fiction, mais cette réalité ou cette fiction peuvent prendre plusieurs formes -- celle du roman d'aventure, du roman de moeurs, ou du roman d'amour. De toute façon, il y a un cadre historique à maintenir, des moeurs à observer, une couleur locale à donner, et des personnages historiques à représenter. Il n'est pas rare, non plus, de trouver un roman regional ou politique qui, au moment de la composition, …  Lire la suite

It is now generally conceded that the decomposition of an organic compound can be realized in two different ways: First, the products may be formed by a single process of rearrangement of atoms. [...] Secondly, the products may be only formed through a series of steps in which the free radicals play the role of an intermediate, i.e., a chain mechanism. Both kinds of mechanism are, of course, possible. In fact, they may be operative simultaneously. The task facing a physical chemist in studying the decomposition of an organic compound, therefore, not only consists of the determination of the chemical …  Lire la suite

High-temperature catalysis as an essential step in the synthesis of organic compounds has become an important factor in our industrial development. Thus since the last war the cracking of high boiling petroleum constituents into gasoline has developed into an exact science. The polymerization of hydrocarbons (especially olefins) into liquid products suitable as motor fuel has been extensively utilized in recent years. Alcohols, esters, acids, ethers, resins and rubber-like materials are today made from light unsaturated hydrocarbons, which in turn may be produced from gasphase pyrolysis. Carbon black, hydrogen, and benzene are the direct products of pyrolysis. [...] It is hoped …  Lire la suite

Recent reviews on the structure of lignin by von Wacek (1) Freudenberg (2), Erdtman (3) and Hibbert (4) have emphasized the essentially aromatic character of lignin and its relationship to coniferyl types. [...]  Lire la suite

A. The syntheses of β-hydroxypropiovanillone (A) and β-hydroxypropioveratrone (B) have been carried out and their behaviour towards chemical reagents studied. B. Conversion of (A) and (B) into amorphous lignin-like products by acid and by alkali has been effected. C. Exceptional reactivity of the terminal carbinol group of the side chains of (A) and (B) has been demonstrated. D. A detailed study has been made of the stabilities of α-hydroxypropiovanillone, α-acetoxypropiovanillone, vanilloyl methyl ketone, their syringyl analogs, and various mixtures of these compounds, towards ethanolic hydrogen chloride under conditions of the standard "ethanolysis" procedure. E. Depolymerization of various amorphous maple ethanol …  Lire la suite

Born in Königsberg, East Prussia, in 1724, Immanuel Kant spent his whole life there, with the exception of a few years when he lived, as a private tutor, with an aristocratic country family not far from the city. His life was centred in the small but growingly important University of Königsberg, which he attended first as a student, and where he later became a "private docent", and eventually a full professor of logic and metaphysics. In the University and its environs Kant lived a life of diligent and brilliant scholarship, refusing proffered appointments and honours, and invitations to larger universities, …  Lire la suite

The usual practice of smelting copper is to smelt for matte first. [...] Cutting down the copper content of slag by a few one-hundredths percent does not seem important at first glance. Since an enormous amount of slags is produced, its economic significance, however, can not be too over-estimated. It is the aim of the present investigation to throw some light on slag losses of copper. In view of the complexity of the problem, attempts are made to eliminate variables as much as possible. In ferrocalcic-silicate slags produced from matte-slag smelting, answers are sought for (1) whether oxidized copper could …  Lire la suite