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Keywords: programme des travailleurs étrangers temporaires, agriculture, construction, délocalisation sur place

Given the growing presence of allophone students in Quebec colleges, this research explores the tensions between institutional inclusion and systemic indifference. The study aimed to identify the challenges these students experience in their relationship with the language of instruction. A qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews with a range of participants from the Francophone network uncovered five types of barriers: situational, dispositional, institutional, informational, and behavioural. These results reveal a higher education system in the process of adapting to linguistic and migratory diversity. They call for concerted action to build more equitable and inclusive learning environments.

Keywords: allophones, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠allophones, collégial, college, challenges, défis, obstacles, barriers, language, langue

Seventy living historical cities appear on the UNESCO's World Héritage List. Here, each of them is the object of a brief study which situates it in time and space, identifies its major historical milestones as well as originality and describes its essential urban and morphological landmarks. The criteria behind the recognition of these cities, according to the recommendations of the International Council on Monuments and Sites to the UNESCO's World Heritage Council, are also presented.

Keywords: Histoire urbaine, morphologie urbaine, patrimoine, Urban history, urban morphology, World Heritage

This article deals with the shift from the building up of cultural heritage to the building up of tourism. The example of olives and olive oil has been selected because of the contemporary worldwide craze for olive tree products ( Olea europaea l.). Festive events enhancing olive by-products for new urban audiences and tourists are described first. Then the article focuses on the processes that accompany the shift from cultural heritage to tourism. It shows how the products' status varies according to the spatial, social, symbolical, and sensorial level.

In recent years, a significant amount of research has been done on the varieties of spoken French in Western Canada. Much remains to be done, nonetheless, and it is important to continue to collect, describe and analyze data, as we seek to present an accurate portrait of the Francophone communities in Western Canada. This has been the principal objective of this team of six researchers working on the particularities of each variety of Western Canadian French and on each community where the language is spoken. Moving from East to West (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta) and serving as a foundation for further research, this paper offers a descriptive survey of current research activities in the field and suggests ways to reflect on the interpretation of both existing and newly-collected spoken language corpuses. The variety of corpuses presented here allows for further analysis in connection with other large-scale projects (PFC – Le français à la mesure d'un continent), in an effort to enrich our knowledge of the many varieties of French in the Francophone world.

The informal business sector continues to have considerable importance in African economies. In Mali, this sector sees a strong presence of women, especially in the agri-food sector, and at the head of micro-businesses. Despite the difficulties encountered, very small-scale informal businesses headed and owned by women continue their activity, while contributing to job and wealth creation. This exploratory research aims to understand the factors that determine the long-term vitality of this category of business. To this end, a multiple-case analysis is conducted. The results reveal the sustainability factors of agri-food microbusinesses run and owned by women in a context where the socio-cultural environment has an impact on the operation of the business. The multiple roles of Malian women and their mastery of food processing processes linked to the specific role of “kitchen specialist” enable their businesses to withstand crises and continue to operate over the long term. This research contributes to the literature by highlighting the effect of socio-cultural factors linked to the biological nature of the female manager on the sustainability of very small-scale businesses.

Keywords: Sex-role orientation, Orientation de rôles de genre, sustainability, pérennité, informal sector, secteur informel, microentreprise agroalimentaire, agri-food mikcroentreprise, Mali, Mali