Documents found
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3731.More information
The idea of raising the statutory retirement age in Canada is part of a wider policy debate around the challenges posed by population ageing. Some political leaders, concerned to keep costs under control and to mitigate the effects of slower growth in the labour force, argue in favour of raising the retirement age to maintain the viability of the Canadian pension system. In this context, our analysis provides a new method of estimating the number of potential working years lost before the age of 65 between 1977 and 2014 in Canada, taking account of voluntary and involuntary retirement and mortality. While mortality among men and involuntary retirement among women were the main causes of working years lost before the age of 65 in the earlier years of the period studied, the fall in the effective retirement age observed until the mid-1990s was mainly due to voluntary early retirement. Voluntary retirement has also been responsible for the postponement of the retirement age seen in the last 20 years. The findings of our study show that when public policy makers come to deliberate on changes to the public pensions system, it is important to take into account the relative weight of these different factors influencing men and women to leave the labour market at the end of their working lives.
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3732.More information
Based on a qualitative and quantitative research conducted in partnership with COSMOSS La Mitis among young people (16 to 35 years old) living in the MRC of La Mitis, in the Lower St Laurent region, as well as with practitioners and social workers working with this target, our article proposes to explore the individual and collective trajectories of exclusion experienced by rural youth from the perspective of these professionals. In this article, we will have an overlook on the mechanisms and difficulties of young people access to services in rural areas. We make the hypothesis that several rural phenomena such as the strength of social links and social control, mobility and lack of a good public transport infrastructure, as well as other various obstacles to the work of intervention in terms of available resources and client vulnerability are all factors becoming potential barriers to the access to and consumption of services. In addition, the fear of stigmatization, the lack of anonymity, the low presence of alternative resources, as well as the “making do” culture complicate the access to services, especially the most vulnerable subjects and put at risk, as a consequence, their socio-economic integration. Highlighting the challenges and strategies of these professionals intervening with young people, the article also concludes with some possible solutions for practitioners and policy makers.
Keywords: jeunes, ruralité, vulnérabilité, intervention, accès aux services, young people, rurality, vulnerability, intervention, access to services
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3733.More information
This participatory action research is part of the project of action and research against structural violence (PARVIS) conducted with seven street-involved young women in the area of Quebec City. The topic of runaways in youth centres led the group to discuss their own experience in the child protective services and to develop an awareness project around this topic. The PARVIS project has created a safe space of solidarity and opportunities to be seen and heard. This paper aims to discuss how the PARVIS project was conducted as a methodological and political tool for a praxis of intersectionality.
Keywords: intersectionnalité, itinérance, jeunes de la rue, femmes, recherche-action participative, intersectionality, homelessness, street-involved youth, women, participatory action research
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3734.More information
In the fall of 2020, a series of videos created for the exploratory shared experience called Massive Micro Sensemaking were presented at the Virtual International Arts (VIA) Festival for Social Change in New York. In this article, Luka considers these works as caring, reflective and expressive practices of resilience during a global crisis, while questioning who benefits from promoting ideas about social resilience in such circumstances.
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3735.More information
This paper presents an analysis of 88 criminal convictions that have since been quashed on the basis of error of fact (wrongful convictions) that have occurred in England and Wales since 2007, in the context of wider set of 389 wrongful convictions that have occurred in England and Wales since 1970. Based on this analysis, three key contributors of concern are identified as having been influential in leading to wrongful convictions recently - digital evidence, guilty pleas, and misleading testimony. Cases involving each of these factors are discussed, including cases from the Post Office Scandal, which make up many of the identified wrongful convictions during this period. In considering each factor, failings in the criminal justice system that leave defendants vulnerable to wrongful conviction are discussed. The paper concludes with brief initial suggestions for reform to provide greater protection against highlighted vulnerabilities.
Keywords: Wrongful conviction, Guilty pleas, Testimony, Appeals, Digital Evidence, Criminal Evidence, Criminal Procedure
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3736.More information
This study explores how diverse high school English students designed open-ended, multimodal projects across digital platforms (Weebly, blogs, and Instagram). Framed by metafunctions, emergent and axial coding of each student’s website homepage shows a broad range of how they designed in digital spaces and to what rhetorical effects. Additional coding of two focal students’ designs across each of the digital platforms highlights how students created complex, multimodal compositions that would have otherwise not been possible with the typical more formal, rigid forms of discourse. By designing multimodally, students showcased interests, humor, emotions, and culture not often seen in this classroom.
Keywords: Metafunctions, multiliteracies, digital literacies, multimodal design, portfolios
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3737.More information
This study uses folk theories of the Spotify music recommender system to inform the principles of human-centered explainable AI (HCXAI). The results show that folk theories can reinforce, challenge, and augment these principles facilitating the development of more transparent and explainable recommender systems for the non-expert, lay public.
Keywords: Théories populaires, Folk theories, intelligence artificielle explicable centrée sur l'humain (HCXAI), human-centered explainable artificial intelligence (HCXAI), systèmes de recommandation, recommender systems, explications, explanations
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3738.More information
This paper maps the emergence and consequences of automated Algorithmic Performance Management (APM) in the context of higher education. After reviewing the evolution of productivity management in academia, it argues that surveillance via APM shifts expectations not just about effectiveness at work but also about how work, and the good worker, come to be defined. In our paradigmatic case study of Office 365, we specify how the automated surveillance of workforce practices are deployed to redefine productivity in higher education: productive workers become good data subjects as well as producers of papers, grants, and other traditional outputs of success. Our analysis suggests performing well at work is managed in and by the platform via logics of the surveillance of wellness, time-regulation, and social connectivity to influence, manage, and control workers. We critique these automated performance measures in terms of platform capitalism, noting Office 365’s Viva Insights function as a telematic device of surveillance. The final section of the paper places these trends in Australia’s socio-legal context by showing how Viva is insufficient for considering performance given the range of practices that constitute “academic work,” including but not limited to the need for unmonitored activity. Yet, we observe that currently little can be done about Office 365’s surveillant presence given a regulatory regime that by and large excludes productivity surveillance from the scope of regulated surveillance activities.
Keywords: algorithmic performance management, academia productivity management, Office 365, platform surveillance, performing productivity
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3739.More information
Due notably to the emergence of massive open online courses (MOOCs), stakeholders in online education have amassed extensive databases on learners throughout the past decade. Administrators of online course platforms, for instance, possess a broad spectrum of information about their users. This information spans from users’ areas of interest to their learning habits, all of which is deduced from diverse analytics. Such circumstances have sparked intense discussions over the ethical implications and potential risks that databases present. In this article, we delve into an analysis of a survey distributed across three MOOCs with the intention to gain a deeper understanding of learners’ viewpoints on the use of their data. We first explore the perception of features and mechanisms of recommendation systems. Subsequently, we examine the issue of data transmission to third parties, particularly potential recruiters interested in applicants’ performance records on course platforms. Our findings reveal that younger generations demonstrate less resistance towards the exploitation of their data.
Keywords: learning analytics, massive open online course, MOOC, ethics, recommender systems, data privacy
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3740.More information
This research is one of the first to study colorism in Belgium and examines the impact of colorism, physical attractiveness, and the interaction between these two variables on nurse recruitability. Colorism is a bias toward lighter skin color at the intra- and/or interethnic level (Sealy-Harrington et Watson Hamilton, 2018). Colorism related to Black people is a very understudied discrimination in Belgium as well as in France. The stereotypes attributed to Black women are generally negative; they occupy subordinate positions in the care professions (Gatugu, 2017). The darker their skin color, the more they are discriminated against and deemed less physically attractive (Hall, 2017). In the experimental design used, each respondent (n = 66) evaluated six fictitious nurse applications (CV and photo) on four dimensions: competence, human warmth, effort, and recruitability. The experimental design included two intra-subject variables concerning the candidates to be evaluated: physical appearance (attractive or not) and skin color (white, mixed-race Black, and Black). Repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed an interaction effect between colorism and attractiveness in relation to ratings of effort, competence, and recruitability. Attractive black-skinned candidates have higher effort scores than white and mixed-race black-skinned candidates. Attractive white-skinned candidates are rated higher on competency than attractive mixed-race and black-skinned candidates. However, there was no effect of colorism considered in isolation. The results show an interaction effect between physical attractiveness and colorism. It should be noted that mixed-race Blacks are less well evaluated. Further studies should be carried out to understand the mechanisms of specific discrimination affecting Black people.
Keywords: Colorism, Colorisme, Physical attractiveness, Attractivité physique, Care, Métiers de soins, Stéréotypes, Stereotypes, Discrimination, Discrimination