Documents found
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2721.More information
In September 2010, the Association of College and Research Libraries released The Value of Academic Libraries: A Comprehensive Research Review and Report. The spread of the novel coronavirus and the resulting global pandemic has raised questions about the concept of value in academic libraries. How is value attributed? How does value function? What does it mean to demonstrate or prove our value? We begin with an overview and analysis of ACRL's Value of Academic Libraries Initiative. We then provide a description and timeline of the spread of COVID-19 and the reaction of both institutions of higher education, academic libraries, professional library organizations, and individual librarians. The pandemic has created a new category of workers - “essential workers” - who provide vital services, perform maintenance work, and labor to keep infrastructures intact. The role of carework and careworkers in the pandemic helps illuminate the situation of academic librarians within regimes of neoliberal austerity. Ultimately we argue that although the discourse of library value seeks to prove library value rationally and empirically, through a lot of quantitative data, capitalism, the economy, and value are fundamentally irrational. Academic library value must be claimed politically; misrecognizing the nature of the problem and relying on commonsense understandings of value and the economic, which is what the discourse of library value has done for the past decade, goes nowhere.
Keywords: academic libraries, capitalism, critical theory, labour, political economy, value, bibliothèques universitaires, capitalisme, économie politique, théorie critique, travail, valeur
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2722.More information
Eighty-three rituals for the Kadosh Knight grade of the Scottish rite, dated approximately from 1750 to the present day, are digitally processed by methods of text mining or lexical analysis. To facilitate the understanding of our work, these methods are briefly described and software implementations are compared.For these texts, dates of first appearance are often uncertain, and so we attempt to establish chronological criteria and elements of kinship. A phylogenetic dendrogram appears as a necessary resource to determine the probable parentage of these rituals. Such a tree is built on the concept of distance and thus allows to compare the numerical proximity (similarity) or distance (dissimilarity) of these texts. For the purpose of digital processing, a metric based on Muller's method or khi2 is used a priori on the graphical forms. It appears in retrospect that the same metric, when used on syntactic functions, leads to a nearly identical phylogenetic tree.
Keywords: Fouille de texte, distance lexicale, datation, fonctions syntaxiques, arbre phylogénétique, rituels maçonniques, Text Mining, Lexical Distance Dating, Syntactic Functions, Phylogenetic Tree, Rituals of Masonry
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2723.More information
The objective of this paper is to assess whether synergology is part of science or whether it is merely a nonverbal behavior decoding pseudoscience. The text consists of five sections. In the first section, we describe important elements of the scientific approach. In the second and third sections, we briefly present synergology and we examine if it meets scientific criteria. The fourth section reports a demand letter addressed to Patrick Lagacé and La Presse for a series of texts which presented a very critical view of this approach. Finally, the use of irrelevant arguments from a scientific point of view, an unwarranted attempt to give credibility to synergology by a demand letter and an unjustified use of the ethical argument lead us to conclude that synergology is a nonverbal behavior decoding pseudoscience.
Keywords: pseudoscience, synergologie, non-verbal, pseudoscience, synergology, nonverbal behavior
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2724.More information
The general objective of this study is to describe the experience of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the context of intensive behavioural intervention (IBI). More specifically, their challenges, resources (knowledge, self-efficacy, involvement and adaptive strategies) and support were examined. In order to achieve this, descriptive forms were completed and semi structured interviews were held with 15 participants. Results of this study show that these mothers face many challenges related to the diagnosis of their child. They learn to overcome these challenges by using their individual resources and by exerting new coping strategies. Their understanding of IBI and ASD is variable and seems to be related to the training and support provided as well as their involvement during the intervention.
Keywords: trouble du spectre de l'autisme, intervention comportementale intensive, stratégies d'adaptation, soutien, expérience maternelle, Autism spectrum disorder, intensive behavioural intervention, coping strategies, support and mother's experience
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2725.More information
This paper deals with the careers of ecological conversion of the lifestyles in France through the case of “green building” projects and focuses on two target groups : the first-time home-buyer and the over-sixties, in three different regions. In relation to the increasing real-estate business interested in sustainable housing, which frequently stresses a technical dimension closely linked with energy consumption and conservation, our research reveals a plurality of interconnected dynamics, according to a diversity of criteria (building materials, facilities, capacity for evolution, attractive features of the building, living environment, etc.). We can conclude that the contents of the “green housing” repertoire – as sustainable development policies more largely – involve more than a single frame and are not stabilized yet.
Keywords: habitat, logement durable, développement durable, conversion écologique, primo-accédants, séniors, France, housing, green building, sustainable development, ecological conversion, the first-time home-buyer, the over-sixties, France
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2726.More information
Citizen movements connected to socio-ecological issues are increasing around the world : In the global North and South, people and communities are struggling against mining projects, against mega-projects, for the development of responsible and urban agriculture, against the inequities engendered by climate change, etc. This article examines historic and contemporary citizen movements linked to socio-ecological issues and underscores the evolution in their claims : Initially, environmental justice was exclusively reactive and focused on local cases of disproportional exposure to environmental problems ; today, it is also proactive, increasingly transnational and, in some cases, holistic. I also address the current of popular environmentalism and its links with environmental justice. Then, I probe environmental justice theoretical discourses and identify a framework that is relevant in light of contemporary struggles. Last, I present the concept of ecocitizenship, as well as a typology pertaining to this term, based on an exhaustive review of the scientific literature and on the study of ecocitizenships developed by young community gardeners. It appears that the ecocitizenship that is both critical and participative is of particular interest for environmental justice.
Keywords: justice environnementale, justice alimentaire, écocitoyennetés, mouvements citoyens, écologisme des pauvres, écologisme populaire, extractivisme, mouvements sociaux, zones à défendre, ZAD, typologie, environmental justice, food justice, ecocitizenships, citizen movements, environmentalism of the poor, popular environmentalism, extraction, “zones to defend”, ecocitizenship typology
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2727.More information
Over the last fifteen years, several European countries have adopted or updated legislation allowing class action lawsuits. This has incited significant debate over whether a class action mechanism should be available across the European Union for victims of antitrust violations. The following Article addresses this debate, which has entered a final stage with the White Paper on damages actions for breach of the European Community antitrust rules, published in 2008 by the European Commission.First, this Article explores how the implementation of a class action mechanism has become essential to European antitrust law, and addresses the caution that must be used in its development. It shows that an antitrust class action suit is not only desirable, but also necessary under European law, and that the mechanisms currently available to antitrust victims are insufficient to obtain relief. Then, this Article introduces a new form of class action, adapted to the needs and legal traditions of Europe. This mechanism combines the opt-out and opt-in systems, using the amount of potential individual damages as a criterion for differentiation. The purpose of this proposal is not only to counter classic class action flaws, abusive litigation and principal-agent problems, but also to maintain an optimal deterrent to discourage possible antitrust offenders.
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2728.More information
The choice of international bioprospecting agreements and free market based solution, as means of implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) goals relating to the conservation of biodiversity and access and benefit sharing, may reveal in many respects harmful to southern players, specially indigenous communities. In practice, because of the unequal bargaining strength of the parties, these bilateral agreements may be easily exploited by the most powerful part to become a tool of biopiracy. This is the case when the conditions of the CBD regarding prior informed consent and fair and equitable benefit sharing are not complied with. In all cases, these agreements cannot protect traditional knowledge from biopiracy in a satisfactory way nor be a reliable alternative to a multilateral compulsory system as that advocated today by the countries of the South within the framework of the Council for the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) working group relating to the review of the provisions of TRIPs Agreement.
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2729.
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2730.More information
Despite the popularity of the cosmopolitan idea of “postnationality” and multicultural concepts of citizenship, biculturalism continues to have a lasting impact upon Canadian institutions and group loyalties. This article constitutes the first empirical investigation of affiliations among the two largest official minority language groups in Canada, Anglo-Quebecers and Franco-Ontarians. Concurring with previous research, the study finds that organizational engagement predicts stronger socio-territorial affiliations. Furthermore, evidence shows that, Franco-Ontarians are 1) less likely to be cosmopolitan than Anglo-Quebecers, 2) about equally likely to be attached to the Canadian national identity as Anglo-Quebecers, 3) more likely to identify with their province than Anglo-Quebecers, and 4) more likely to have a strong affiliation with their local polity than Anglo-Quebecers. Taken together, the findings suggest that cosmopolitanism might work better for majorities than minorities, and as a consequence for Anglophones than Francophones even when the former are in a minority setting.
Keywords: official language minority, cosmopolitanism, localism, socio-territorial affiliations, Canada, modelling, minorité de langue officielle, cosmopolitisme, localisme, appartenance socio-territoriale, Canada, modélisation