Documents found
-
2531.
-
2532.
-
2534.More information
The ordinary political work involved in the creation of a French national park, during the World Heritage inscription process and by its governance, leads the actors to manage with conflicting frames of knowledge, and with conceptions of their land and social relations in opposition. This work is based on “mediations” distributed at various scales: local, national and international. The field work was conducted between 2011 and 2014 among members of the French National Park of Reunion Island, inhabitants of the core area, and members of the French National Forest Office who are also inhabitants of the core area.
Keywords: parcs nationaux, Office National des Forêts, ONF, UNESCO, patrimoine naturel, participation, La Réunion, savoirs locaux, universalisme, médiations, gouvernance, national parks, UNESCO, natural heritage, local knowledge, universalism, Reunion island, ONF, French National Forest Office participation, mediations, governance
-
2535.More information
This article accounts for the slow unveiling of the importance of female work on the farms. It aims at understanding why the work of women on the farms has generally been denied and has remained invisible, and why it may become visible in certain situations. It contends that the invisibilization as well as the visibilization of female work on the farm result largely from the way women gain access to this profession and from how the organization of the work on the farm. The article investigates the work of thirty women farmers of two French regions, Britanny and Aquitaine. It first examines their professional careers. Then it analyzes how these female farmers organize their work. Finally it highlights the consequences of their ways of working on the ways they define their professional identity.
Keywords: travail, métier, identité, genre, agriculture, work, labour, professional identity, gender, agriculture
-
2537.More information
In order to access to paternity in Quebec, gay male couples resort to surrogacy. However, this assisted procreation mechanism raises many issues, one of them being the legal framework in which it takes place. Relying on an analysis of positive law and on fieldwork with gay fathers who chose surrogacy to create their families, this article shows how the uncertainty surrounding this practice in law complicates the interactions gay fathers have with two state authorities, namely the Registrar of civil status (Directeur de l'état civil) and Québec Parental Insurance Plan (Régime québécois d'assurance parentale). After review, it appears to us that to ease these interactions Quebec should include in its laws a separate procedural vehicle addressing surrogacy. We add our voice in support of those pressing, for some time now, for legal reform.
Keywords: Adoption, filiation, gestation pour autrui, homopaternité, mère porteuse, Adoption, filiation, surrogacy, gay fatherhood, third-party reproduction
-
2538.More information
After the failure of Copenhagen in 2009, doctrine has talked about a multilateralism in crisis. This multilateralism characterized by state equality, reciprocity and continuity has appeared utterly incapable of bringing good cooperation between States so as to reach the adoption of a binding agreement to organize the fight against climate warming. This multilateralism is usually opposed to alliances occasionally formed and characterised by a geopolitical logic of power, of selectivity. The Copenhagen failure has brought forward this tough geopolitical logic (hard gaps were created between developed and developing States, emerging economies) revealing a very weak climate governance that was striving to cope with an already very complex and multiscale issue. As numerous political scientists have proposed other suggestions, many States have preferred the very limited structure of clubs. The COP 21 and the Paris agreement have put back on track the UN process that was gridlocked even if the oppositions of viewpoints have not vanished and the coalitions of interests are remaining. The solution of multilateralism that enables a balance and flexible solution between unilateralism and the partly binding character of the agreement explains this success as well as the increase involvement of civil society.
Keywords: multilatéralisme, gouvernance climatique, ONU, minilatéralisme, États, société civile, accords contraignants, multilateralism, climate governance, UN, minilateralism, States, civil society, binding agreements
-
2539.More information
Hurricanes are common in the French West Indies and particularly on the island of Saint Martin. One can question the inability of society to face up to and recover from the consequences of these events. In this study, we show that between 1954 and 2017 (before Hurricane Irma), Saint Martin had to adapt to numerous constraints, some of which were far more important than hurricanes. In almost 70 years, the population density of the French part of Saint Martin increased from 75 inhab/km² to 668 inhab/km². The majority of this increase occurred in a five years period following the Pons law of 1986 which favoured tax breaks for real estate investment. More than 12 000 buildings were constructed in Saint Martin to welcome the new inhabitants of the island as well as tourists. Many neighbourhoods experienced significant growth which started in the late 1980's. However we observe differences in urban planning, a result of social and territorial segregation which exists on the island. On the one hand, there are private residences in affluent neighbourhoods, on the other hand working-class neighbourhoods with vulnerable dwellings. The effect of hurricanes on this society, which has been highly unequal since the 1960's up to the 1980's, is to reinforce inequalities. The fragile habitats of the poorest populations have been more deeply affected than the richest parts of the population which have been financially supported for reconstruction.
Keywords: risque naturel, urbanisme, adaptation, tourisme, Saint-Martin, natural hazard, urban planning, adaptation, tourism, Saint Martin