Documents found
-
3061.More information
SUMMARYThis paper describes a general methodology for estimating life expectancy adjusted for variations in health status during the course of individuals' lifetimes — the population health model, POHEM. Measures such as "disability-free life expectancy" and the life table methodology on which these kinds of indices are based are considered. The restrictions embodied in such measures and their underlying methodologies can be conveniently avoided with the POHEM microsimulation approach. Prototypical outputs of POHEM are presented, and it is argued that the POHEM methodology is not unduly complex. Many countries could use it ta generate health status adjusted life expectancy indices given already available data. Moreover, POHEM provides a framework for integrating a range of health data and for producing a family of important health indices.
-
3062.More information
Since 1960s, the Ivorian government care about his forest conservation. Thus, the Ivory Coast has set up a network of protected areas to conserve its forests and biodiversity. Located in Abidjan, the Banco National Park (PNB) and its periphery face a deeply environment changes in recent decades. This research aims to describe and analyze the various threats to urban pressure, including the risks of deforestation and pollution around and inside the PNB. To achieve these objectives, the analysis of the land cover and vegetation change help to understand the environmental dynamics of the Banco forest. The inventory and mapping of the types of risk and their impact on PNB enable to show the most vulnerable areas due to anthropogenic pressures and urbanization. The study of the types of human pressures in PNB is conducted through observations to detect spatial changes in recent years. The study also relies on an aerial photograph of 1955 and Spot satellite image taken in 1998. Aerial photography was acquired at the Centre of Cartography and Remote Sensing and the National Geographic Institute (IGN-Paris). The satellite image was obtained with the ISIS program of Spot Image. These data were used to map land cover in 1955 and 1998 and compare the evolution of the vegetation through a diachronic analysis.Indeed, in the year 1955, the land in the park and its periphery showed that the landscape was dominated by the forest despite the presence of a few urban space. The forest covered an area of 5462 ha while secondary forest covered an area of 9220 ha. These two types of forest represented nearly 90 % of the landscape of the study area. In 1998, 3450 ha of forest and 434 ha of forest plantations represente the vegetation of the PNB. Bordered by four towns, the Banco National Park suffers from the consequences of rapid urbanization. This rapid growth in the district of Abidjan has created many environmental problems, including the proliferation of shantytowns, inadequate facilities and transport infrastructure, sanitation and housing. The park is bordered to the north, east and south many poor neighborhoods without sanitation equipment. The PNB is to be the outlet for solid and liquid waste from households. Municipal storm water is discharged into the park. Multiple industrial units, informal activities and new residential areas bordering the park which is already facing since a decades to the creation of many facilities (creation of motorways, express roads, infrastructure and equipment necessary to meet demand of urban water, electricity etc..). In addition, many areas of PNB are subject to land claims, including the north-east and south of the park. These disputed areas are correlated with particular types of communities along the villages of Anonkoua Kouté Sagbé and north-Agban Attié and Agban-village southeast, and southwest Andokoi. In order to improve the protection of PNB and to enable his participation in economic development of people, its directors have established a policy of participatory management. This strategy involves local people in conservation. The association of local people in the community management of forest resources can empower them by involving them in monitoring missions, recovery and development. The development of the park through ecotourism, the development of alternative activities toward poachers and illegal loggers are among the many strategies implemented to save this threatened ecosystem. Ecotourism has become the most important policy of participatory management of public administrators of PNB.
Keywords: urbanisation, parc, gestion communautaire, conservation, biodiversité, abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, écotourisme, urbanization, park, community management, conservation, biodiversity, abidjan, Ivory Coast, ecotourism
-
3063.More information
The Quebec public sector is evolving in a context of change, with massive retirements of managers from the baby boomer generation. These retirements create a problem with the loss of tacit managerial knowledge that is essential to the performance of ministries and organisations, and the quality of services rendered to the citizens. This research explores how mentoring can act as a mechanism for sharing tacit managerial knowledge in a context of change between experienced managers and those of generations X and Y, by investigating the types of managerial knowledge shared and acquired, as well as the conditions and mechanisms that foster it. By adopting a qualitative approach with 52 mentees and 11 mentors participating in a government mentoring program, this research shows that the tacit knowledge transferred to young managers by mentors concerns the public service environment, management and self-perception as a manager. Furthermore, the results show that for the sharing of tacit managerial knowledge to be effective, the mentoring relationship must be structured and flexible, and both actors in the dyad must resort to mechanisms such as deduction and induction, simulation, observation, coaching and the application of the knowledge received, followed by feedback. Thus, this research proposes a framework for sharing tacit managerial knowledge that promotes accelerated development of young manager skills. By identifying the conditions and mechanisms for sharing tacit knowledge, it provides organizational leaders with an approach for implementing mentoring programs, from which they can draw inspiration.
Keywords: Mentorat, partage des connaissances tacites, compétences managériales, changement dans le secteur public, transfert intergénérationnel
-
3064.More information
Change is the modus operandi of contemporary organizations. In many organizations, they are constant, rapid and overlapping, creating a saturation of change. In such a context, change management becomes particularly complex. One of the main difficulties is related to the recipients, who may have difficulty coping with the changes. It becomes essential for managers to understand how recipients adapt to change in order to be more successful. Improving the recipients’ capacity to change (RCC) could be a key to change management. However, RCC can refer to different realities, so its dimensions and the levers that can promote it remain unclear. The objective of this study is to clarify the RCC and to identify the levers used to promote it. Thus, a systematic review of the literature on RCC was conducted in the following databases: ABI/INFORM, APA PsycInfo and Business Source Complete. The 69 articles selected were used to generate a conceptual map clarifying three dimensions of change capacity: openness to change (OC), commitment to change (CC) and behavioural support for change (BSC). These would represent a continuum of the recipient’s evolving positive responses to change. Three levers used to promote them (information and communication, support, and participation) were also identified. The preferred levers would evolve along the RCC continuum.
Keywords: Capacité à changer, adaptation au changement, réactions du destinataire, revue systématique de la littérature
-
3065.More information
Professional development (PD) for teachers is one of the most effective ways of improving the quality of education and preparing them for new realities (Mukamurera, 2014). Faced with the arrival of generative artificial intelligence (AI), many anticipate the need to train teachers to ensure responsible use of this emerging technology while also providing a solution for improving teachers' PD pathways. This literature review therefore seeks to understand the extent to which AI can enhance teachers' PD. To this end, 24 articles were analyzed based on the 7 teacher PD characteristics of Darling-Hammond et al. (2017). AI can value teachers' PD characteristics to some extent, but its effects on teachers' practice require further investigation. For future studies, it is recommended that Darling-Hammon et al.’s (2017) characteristics be analyzed for their value through AI trained with the SAMR model in view of uncovering the extent to which such characteristics could be (S) substituted, (A) enhanced, (M) modified or (R) redefined by AI use as well as the effects such changes could have on teacher’s agency.
Keywords: intelligence artificielle, artificial intelligence, inteligencia artificial, inteligência artificial, teachers, docentes, professores, enseignants, desenvolvimento profissional, desarrollo profesional, professional development, développement professionnel, formación, formação, training, formation, technologies éducatives, tecnologias educativas, tecnologías educativas, educational technologies
-
3066.More information
The teaching of science and technology [ST] at the primary level suffers from a certain disengagement on the part of many teachers. A number of authors suggest that improving the teaching of ST at the primary level would require a more positive attitude toward ST and its teaching on the part of these teachers. One way of achieving this would be to have teachers supported by organizations promoting scientific and technological culture [OPSTC] “to stimulate student interest and support science and technology teachers” (Conseil supérieur de l’éducation, 2013, p. 74). However, little is known about the links between a primary school teacher’s attitude toward ST and the teaching of this subject in the classroom and his or her use of the services of an OPSTC. In this case study, we were therefore interested in these links, particularly among teachers who use the services of the OPSTC Les neurones atomiques [NA]. We began by quantitatively measuring the attitudes toward ST and its teaching of teachers using NA services (N = 206) using the “Dimensions of Attitude towards Science” (DAS) questionnaire. We then conducted semi-structured interviews with nine teachers presenting various attitude profiles toward ST and its teaching (positive attitude, positive attitude with context dependence, and reluctant attitude). Our results suggest a strong link between a teacher’s attitude toward ST and its teaching and the way in which he or she uses the services of an OPSTC such as the NA (preparatory and follow-up activities, participation during facilitation, etc.). We also note that teachers in all three attitude profiles invite the NA into their classrooms for similar reasons. We outline the advantages, but also the limitations, of this type of classroom intervention by an OPSTC on teachers’ appropriation of ST teaching, and propose ways in which OPSTC such as NAs can contribute to enhancing ST teaching at the primary level.
Keywords: attitude toward science and its teaching, animation scientifique en classe, attitude envers la science, case study, enseignement, informal education, primary education, éducation informelle, étude de cas, teacher training, formation des maîtres, organization promoting scientific and technological culture, organisme de promotion de la culture scientifique et technologique, science and technology, primaire, science et technologie
-
3067.More information
Unique in Canada, the model of Palliative Care Day Centers (PCDC) in Quebec is direcdy inspired by PCDC in the United Kingdom: a flexible formula where services are offered according to expressed needs. The attendance of a PCDC will be useful for some to meet their need for information about the disease and symptoms of palliative care, and for others in their need to share their experiences. At the heart of this flexible service offering lies the ethos of palliative care: to improve the quality of life for the sick and their loved ones through a holistic approach. In fact, attending a PCDC allows many to break the isolation induced by the disease, as contact with others becomes a generator of meaning in life, personal transformations, landmarks to reconnect with one's identity, and the adaptation to life with the disease, death, and grief However, this flexibility affects the possibility of finding a common and lasting definition of PCDC. To contribute to the recognition of these unique places, this article describes the results of a qualitative research conducted with 14 professionals from five PCDC between November 2022 and March 2023 to document the innovative and interdisciplinary approaches deployed in PCDC to better understand their effects on users. The data from these individual interviews were analyzed following the principles of the method proposed by Paillé and Mucchielli (2012). The results describe the organization of teamwork in PCDC, the advantages and challenges of collaboration within PCDC teams, the approaches recommended by professionals, and innovative practices in PCDC. ln conclusion, this article well describes how PCDC are deeply rooted in the communities they belong to, adapting services to local realities. lt also highlights the tension experienced by PCDC in wanting to standardize their services from one center to another to meet government requirements for stabilizing their funding while trying to remain attentive to the evolving and specific needs of the community in which they are rooted.
Keywords: Palliative care day center, Centre de jour en soins palliatifs, Pratiques innovantes, caring community, teamwork, Communauté bienveillante, palliative care services, Travail d’équipe, Services de soins palliatifs, innovative practices
-
3068.More information
Recent statistics reveal that one in four Canadians will die from cancer. However, early detection of the disease, improved effectiveness and the growing number of treatment options available mean that, from now on, people diagnosed with advanced cancer often survive longer. The diagnosis of cancer, whether curative or advanced, is increasingly considered as a chronic illness, which raises the question of employment. Return to work following cured cancer has been widely documented in scientific literature in recent years. However, few researchers have looked at the work participation of people with advanced cancer (PWAC). The purpose of this scoping review was to document work participation of PWAC. The results from 12 studies describe the barriers encountered by PWAC regarding their work participation as well as their main reasons for their retention to work. Obstacles related to reconciling the side effects of treatments and work, communication and the preconceived ideas of those around them were raised. The results also highlight the reasons PWAC have for staying at work despite these frequently encountered obstacles. These reasons mainly concern the financial aspect, the new meaning given to life and the sense of normalcy and accomplishment at the idea of actively contributing to society. In light of these results, avenues for reflection and recommendations are proposed on this new context linked to the chronic illness brought by advanced cancer and its implications in the labor market, as well as on certain concepts to be revisited to better define the emerging phenomenon of work participation of PWAC.
Keywords: Participation au travail, Work participation, Cancer avancé, advanced cancer, palliative cancer, Cancer palliatif, Emploi, employment, retention to work, Maintien au travail
-
-
3070.More information
Keywords: différenciation pédagogique, enseignement personnalisé, échec en 1er cycle universitaire, dynamique motivationnelle, sentiment de compétence