Documents found
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921.More information
New communication and information technologies render the written word potentially accessible to everyone, rapidly and at a reasonable cost. Regardless of their format, electronic books and magazines have changed the editorial and readership practices in both professional and personal domains. These changes have modified the relationship to the written word and have created new modes of cultural communication for both the reader and the consumer. The electronic versions of the printed word may create new rifts and new constraints.Less visible, however, are the changes brought to editing and the digitalisation of texts and images throughout the production process; these changes can radically alter the economic stakes. The "dematerialisation" of documents allows one to rethink and redistribute the production and commercialisation processes. Authors are equally concerned by these changes because they affect the ways in which their works are published, how they receive compensation and how they communicate with their readers, which may lead to new forms of numeric creation. Lastly, libraries and documentation centres see new hitherto unknown opportunities of access for their readers, be it in the form of new formats or the discovery of the more traditional formats.This new numeric landscape gives rise to hopes and fears. The lucidity, analysis and steadfastness of professionals will highlight the advantages and preserve the values associated with exchanges, dialogues and the sharing of knowledge.
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922.More information
The escalating emergence of innovative learning spaces (ILS) in universities raises questions about how these spaces are actually used. This study presents the results of analyses of teaching practices and use of the potential offered by the physical/material environment. Twenty-six class sessions were observed, providing 2,942 minutes of video recording, and teachers were interviewed. In terms of frequency of occurrence and time spent, the frequency, temporal and sequential analyses carried out show that situations involving practical student activity predominate. The collaborative, student-centered and varied nature of the activities is clear. Use of the flexibility-modularity potential in relation to learning activities was observed to be strategic and adapted. However, the technological potential remains under-exploited and less likely to be perceived as relevant by teachers. The study also presents the main advantages and limitations of ILS from the teachers' point of view.
Keywords: Espace, pédagogie, technologie, affordance, flexibilité-modularité, Space, pedagogy, technology, affordance, flexibility-modularity
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923.More information
AbstractThis article distinguishes between two levels in the development of a multimedia interactive pedagogical tool: that related to modalities of interaction and that related to interactive scenarios. The modalities of interaction include concrete and material aspects of the users interaction with the machine; a priori there is no specificity to the learning domain. The interactive scenarios include the pedagogical aspects of a learner s interaction with the teaching content; a priori there is no specificity to the material targetted. The authors illustrate differences between these levels by demonstrating, based on empirical studies, what effect choices made at each level can have on the user-learner's activity; and, based on experiences in developing CD Roms, the authors offer these examples as solutions in developing these tools.
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924.More information
This article examines school dropouts in France from a psycho-pedagogical perspective based on student voice. Starting from a reflection on educational instruments and the use of cinema to prevent students from dropping out of high school, we analyze how creating a cinema option contributes to keeping students in school. We propose a cross-methodology for the content analysis of student interviews to overturn the paradigm of dropout prevention, in which the student's words would have a role to play in fostering school attendance. Video recordings of interviews with 20 students in second year (first year of high school) and first year (second year of high school) (potential dropouts or not), which they made themselves, make up our body of work. High school students all express the need for open-minded education that differs from traditional teaching, beyond the instrumental interest of the cinema option. A distinction between second and first year students emerges. The quality of the teacher-student relationship is a decisive factor for staying in school and persistence, but requires the teacher to be trained to listen to and recognize students, within a context of inclusive schools and societies.
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925.More information
Psychiatry in France has been influenced by the analytical/psychoanalytical tradition that is less pregnant in other countries. Contrasting with other medical disciplines, psychiatry is the only in France able to impose medical care to patients in some conditions. Is there [could it exist] a link between psychiatrists' representations of mental diseases and the propensity to use constraint? I will explore this issue in the light of empirical data collected in the framework of a sociological survey undertaken between 2012 and 2013. Psychiatrists share three main representations of mental disease. Some correlations can be showed between the interpretations of these representations and the use of therapeutic constraint.
Keywords: Maladie mentale, psychose, modèle médical, souffrance psychique, contrainte, Mental disease, psychosis, medical paradigm, mental suffering, constraint
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926.More information
This article explores the application of generic factors conducive to well-being and specific to schools in a Belgian democratic school. Observations were collected in semi structured interviews with six mothers. The research analyzed the school environment, parents' involvement, and the development of the children's psychosocial skills. Qualitative analysis brought to light a characteristic specific to Belgian democratic schools: active parental involvement. The research went on to examine educational practices such as shared governance, nonviolent communication and freedom of action, which, according to the literature, can be considered as conducive to well-being.
Keywords: bien-être, environnement scolaire, implication parentale, compétences psychosociales, école démocratique, well-being, school environment, parental involvement, psychosocial skills, democratic school, bienestar, ambiente escolar, participación de los padres, competencias psicosociales, escuela democrática
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927.More information
Soil erosion is among the natural hazards that are exacerbated by human activities in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). However, there is little information on the spatialization of this phenomenon at the territorial level in the DRC. This study assesses the potential use of Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and open access data to map areas at risk of erosion and prioritize areas for soil conservation in Uvira's territory. In terms of results, 52.79% of this territory is characterized by a low risk of erosion with an average soil loss of 6.08 t ha-1 year-1 while 47.21% faces a risk of soil loss which excess the tolerable limit of 11 t ha-1 year-1 for highlands of tropical areas. This risk is accentuated by the loss of vegetation cover in profit of agricultural activities and urbanization. The low level of sensibility to erosion is found in the Ruzizi plain while the areas in the plateaus are highly susceptible due to their rugged terrain and high rainfall intensity. The statistical analysis of the frequency ratios of landslide shows the existence of a relationship between their occurrence and erosion intensity zones defined on the basis of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE model). Soil loss modeling for different soil protection methods shows that the grassland banding and terracing approach are most appropriate to reduce the risk of erosion in this area. These methods can be combined with afforestation efforts for effective soil protection in Uvira.
Keywords: érosion, SIG libre, aménagement du territoire, conservation des sols, République démocratique du Congo, erosion, open GIS, spatial planning, soil conservation, Democratic Republic of Congo
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928.More information
Research Framework: The socio-legal context of Quebec allows access to different modalities of egg donation to conceive a child through assisted reproduction. The present qualitative empirical research focuses on directed egg donation in which the donor is known to the recipient couple (RC). Objectives: This article aims to provide a better understanding of each person's place in this new family reality and to study the impact of the use of egg donation regarding maternal identity and filiation. Methodology: Semi-structured interviews accompanied by a free genogram (FG) were conducted with eight donors and eight RCs. An inductive and iterative logic guided the collection and analysis of data by conceptualizing categories. Results: The analysis made it possible to highlight the development of an emotional and relational history between donors and RCs as a backdrop to the specific issues at stake for each of them. If there is indeed an encounter between both parties, the psychic work they go through, and which appears in the course of the FG reveals different universes. Conclusions: Thus, it is an opportunity for the donor to develop a meaning to her donation in the light of her personal and family history, laying the foundations for a narrative of donation, allowing for a work of historicization and re-subjectivation. As the parents, they construct the story that enabled them to give birth to their child, questioning the place of the donor and the link with her, as well as the maternal identity. Contribution: As a basis for the psychic birth of the parents and in particular of the mother, such a conception narrative is combined with the donation narrative to think about the origins of the child. This article contributes to the reflection on becoming a parent by means of directed egg donation. It raises the importance of offering support to both the RC and the donor to enable each to develop a narrative that is in continuity with their own story.
Keywords: don d'ovocytes, couples, receveuses, génogramme, narratifs, origines, identité maternelle, recherche qualitative, egg donation, couples, recipients, genogram, narratives, origins, maternal identity, qualitative research
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929.More information
A guide to non-stationary series by Bernard Salanié The purpose of this paper is to present traditional and more recent econometric procedures for estimating and testing systems that contain non-stationary variables. The aim throughout is not to prove asymptotic results, but rather to weigh the pros and cons of using each method. The article attempts to show that more recent methods may be more straightforward and/or robust than procedures developed in the early 1980s.
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930.More information
The Fiscal Reforms in Canada and Quebec : a General Equilibrium Analysis for Quebec, by Pierre Lefebvre, Francine Mayer.The governments of Canada and Quebec recently engaged in a sizable reform of their tax scheme, the purpose of which was to make it more equitable and competitive. Our analysis focusses on the consequences of these reforms for Quebec. It is based on the simulation results obtained using a Shoven-Whalley type general equilibrium model of the Quebec economy, developed on a multi-sector and multi-household basis. One of the things this model integrates are the changes in the job behaviour of households likely to be induced by reforms. Its also enables us to measure the impact on macroeconomic aggregates, improvements in welfare and distributive effects related to each one of the reforms on which a simulation is run.