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This conceptual article explains the importance of a paradigm shift in organizations. We propose a paradigm shift from human resources management to person management. This shift is not just semantic but implies a humanistic and realistic vision of the complexity of the human beings around us. We begin by outlining the theoretical underpinnings of person management, through personalism. Then, using Edgar Morin's complexity paradigm, we continue the humanist anchoring, while adding a realistic vision of humans, their interactions, and their environment. Finally, we present four effects of managing people in complexity. The first concerns a solidarity that cannot be imposed. The second presents the multiplicity of identities, the third examines formalization, while the fourth focuses on performance and hidden costs.

Keywords: Personnalisme, complexité, solidarité, identités multiples, performance, Personalism, complexity, solidarity, self, performance

Overqualification is the state of holding a job requiring a lower level of training than that which has been acquired. This article analyzes data from the 2006 and 2016 Canadian censuses to reveal the magnitude, evolution and influencing factors in overqualification among Quebec university graduates. Results show a slight decrease in the phenomenon, which still affects 36.4 % of university graduates in 2016. Of the five categories of factors whose influence on overqualification is examined (gender and age ; language skills ; family status ; region ; markers of geographical origin), markers of geographical origin are shown to have the greatest net effect. The analysis also reveals significant regional variations in the net effect of language skills on the overqualification of graduates.

Keywords: Surqualification, Marqueurs d'origine, Compétences linguistiques, Genre, Recensement canadiens, Régressions logistiques, Overqualification, Markers of origin, Language skills, Gender, Canadian censuses, Logistic regressions

When the discussion turns to India, the exotic image of the Hindu ascetic fills the imagination of contemporary society. Becoming an ascetic implies living in isolation to devote oneself to spiritual attainment. For those who are Hindu by birth, asceticism positions itself, from the outset, as a path to choose to achieve ultimate deliverance and guarantee the preservation of the cosmic order. For people from secular, individualized and materialistic contexts, choosing asceticism is an autonomous and marginal choice, one that is distinct and even contrary to their social and religious obligations. However, some abandoned their cultural and religious heritage to don the saffron-coloured robe and adopt an ascetic lifestyle in a context where, traditionally, you do not become Hindu, you are born Hindu. By emphasizing the experience of their spirituality, the analysis shows that their construction of a spiritual self is subject to an unending process of both subjective and collective validation. Referring first to the concept of saṃskāra, the imprints left by previous lives, to justify and interpret their decisions, these ascetics then validate their ascetic practices through interactions with their peers via the definition of a self-recognition framework that is unique to them.

Keywords: ascétisme hindou, négociation identitaire, authenticité, légitimité, Hindu asceticism, identity negotiation, authenticity, legitimacy

Our purpose is to study the game literary, understood as the literary network where change agents such as Kossi Efoui, Calixthe Beyala, Sami Tchak, Fatou Diome, Abdourahman Waberi, Alain Mabanckou, Leonora Miano and many others. More specifically, we want understand the impact on diasporal subject what attempts of to (re) invent a Postmodernity, and, from the paradigmatic example of Leonora Miano. The main objective is to articulate her literary production as Tels des astres éteints (2008) et Blues pour Élise (2010) with the debate on modernity and Postmodernity in the public space in France. The following question: by what mode is it a literary singularity in the continuity of the existing?

Keywords: littérature africaine, études francophones, postmodernité, études postcoloniales, sociologie de la littérature, African literature, francophone studies, postmodernity, postcolonial studies, sociology of literature

Poised at the intersection of myth, folktales, history and novels, several francophone women writers proceed to rewrite narratives on the origins of humanity or certain communities thereby inventing a new world of imagination where woman is the source of social renewal rather than original sin. Thus, in the novel of Calixthe Beyala, the woman, whose ancestor is the star that strives in vain to save man from self-destruction, prefers to remain aloof from a too intense “sun.” Likewise, the women characters created by Simone Schwarz-Bart sidestep the path of man to avoid being pulled along on his endless route of misery. Observing that the “war of the sexes” inhabits the most ancient narratives as well as everyday discourse, Djebar's novel returns to the ancient empires of the Berbers, the Phoenicians and the Romans in search of the lost language of dialogue between “enemies.” In a similar manner, Marie-Célie Agnant questions history (in this case that of slavery) to locate the point of rupture and to renew the dialogue with the Other who has inspired mistrust since the very beginning. These rewritings trace out an imaginary world of re(birth) where the lost language of the heart emerges from the non-verbal language of the body.

Assessing accountability in collaborative governance to identify potential deficits is one of the least discussed issues in the literature. In this study, which aims to bring to light the state of collaborative accountability in the Quebec public service (PS), a content analysis of the reports of the Auditor General of Quebec to the National Assembly from 1988 to 2022 was carried out, using the model of Lee and Ospina (2022, p. 70). Three major results were obtained. The first highlights a governance culture of the Quebec PS characterized by a low use of rewards and sanctions with an accountability process that is much lacking in terms of performance evaluation and communication and sharing of information. The second shows that the Quebec PS, under the effect of the Public Administration Act adopted in 2000, presented more lack of communication and information sharing both internally and with Parliament, but was more performance oriented. The third result from this analysis indicates that the lack of reporting to Parliament is much more related to the failure of the feedback system. These results were discussed and the limitations of the study, noted.

Keywords: Gouvernance collaborative, déficit, évaluation d'imputabilité, collaborative governance, deficits, accountability assessment

The development and gender governance in Africa through economic subregional communities and national builds show the African will to consider gender as an important factor for the integration. This article examines the impact of the gender promotion on economic development of economic subregional communities and national governments in Africa. It analyzes how the strengthening of African integration is led by the women participation in function of African philosophy. Thus, promoting women by economic subregional communities and Governments have impacts on women participation on development, and then it strengthen their integration. But it remains some challenges that can be improved in the women participation on economic development. Documentary technics, interviews and internet websites are the materials of that study. Theoretical approach are focused on International political economy and cognitive approach of public policies.

Keywords: Genre, Femmes, Intégration Africaine, Communauté Economique Régionale (CER), Développement, Gouvernance, Gender, Women, Economic Sub-regional Community, African integration, Governance, Development

The use of interpreters in public services in France has grown steadily in recent years, both in the context of asylum applications and in medical and social settings. The enormous needs, especially in certain language combinations, require the use of ad hoc interpreters. The occupation needs to be structured and become more professional, and several efforts have emerged in recent years in this direction. However, it has emerged from our observations that the definition of the profession is more structured around the requirements of interpreter-employing institutions than on the thoughts of interpretation theorists. Thus, after exploring core theoretical contributions, we propose to analyse the normative documents instituted by various stakeholders in public service interpretation in France, to highlight gaps in the consideration of theory. Indeed, it seems that ethical considerations strongly take precedence over technical considerations, thus corroborating the thesis according to which the stakes of power influence the definition of the profession of interpreter in medical settings in different countries, and thus, in all public services in France.

Keywords: interprétation dans les services publics, théorie, professionnalisation, documents normatifs, neutralité, public service interpreting, theory, professionalization, normative documents, neutrality, interpretación de servicios públicos, teoría, profesionalización, documentos normativos, neutralidad