Documents found
-
3753.More information
Interviews done in Paris in February of 2002 with Chen Qigang and Wen De-Qing, both Chinese composers born in the 1950s who are now living in Paris and Geneva, respectively. Both moved to Europe in their thirties. However each developed along quite a different path. Nicolas Donin questions them on their personal development and music, making them face the issues of contingency and freewill in ruptures, both geographic and aesthetic, and how these phenomena have marked their lives as musicians.
-
3754.More information
ABSTRACTThis essay deals with the literature on eskers. Basic informations (definition, terminology, dimensions, distribution and general sedimentologic features, including granulometry, fabrics, paleocurrents, deformations and lithologie composition) are presented, then theories on the origin of these forms (subglacial hypothesis, super-glacial and englacial hypothesis, marginal hypothesis and others) are exposed. Moreover, the different depositional models of eskers (open channel, full-pipe flow, deltaic) and some other concepts on their formation (meltwater flow, subglacial tunnel stability in ice, sediment sources, diachronism of constructions and length of tunnels) are examined. Finally, the development of eskers in current glacial environments are considered.
-
3756.More information
AbstractHas Quebec society really become juridicalized and increasingly subject to the intervention of the legal system? Similarly, have individual rights been supplanted by collective projects, particularly due to intervention by the courts, which, armed with the constitution, can undo the legislative will? These questions call for a nuanced answer, corresponding to a complex reality. It is not at all certain that we should necessarily speak of an excess of law in this regard, except perhaps to speak of a certain "excess of the State". The State's place is known and recognized in our society and it acts normally through the law (legislative, reglementary and judiciary), which is one of its preferred avenues of expression.
-
3757.More information
This paper proposes an overview of the Québec normative framework governing the relationship in research projects between researcher and subject. Following an examination of the sources of researchers' obligations under Québec law, the authors regroup them into three broad categories. Then, they attempt to demonstrate how it is that despite the recognition and integration of bioethical rules into Québec legal doctrine, the normative framework for research in Québec, as in Canada, is exposed to significant gaps regarding the protection of the rights of research subjects. These gaps stem mainly from the application of the rules under Québec law, plus the role assumed by ethical research committees and by organizations that supervise research and researchers' professional activities. The authors maintain that the security of research subjects granted by Québec and Canadian legal sources is in fact misleading since at present such security is mainly due to the good will of those involved in performing the research.
-
-
3759.More information
Over the last 25 years, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) fostered an outstanding liberalization of international trade. However, the transition towards freer trade has been the source of serious market disorganization in many sectors such as textile, clothing and steel. In order to prevent or remedy these problems of « surplus capacity », countries have applied import restrictions of various kinds, or have negotiated voluntary export restraints (VER'S). In textile and clothing, the nature and ambit of the problem has brought participating countries to negotiate a multilateral sectoral agreement within the GATT legal framework. On the other hand, countries involved in the steel trade have been unable to conclude such a sectoral agreement and have continued negotiating VER'S or levying anti-dumping and countervaling duties. The purpose of this article is chiefly to show that countries should negotiate a multilateral sectoral agreement on steel in order to prevent or remedy the excess capacity problem occuring in this sector.
-
3760.More information
In following dialectic reasoning, avenues of analysis are proposed to assess the insolvable contradiction that puts the vectors of globalized expansion at odds with the requisites of the Rule of Law. The issue of their reciprocal compatibility cannot be eluded because the two phenomena are based upon hegemonic premises, which allow them to lay claim to the preeminence of distinct fields. Thus, during the 1990s, the tangible progression of the Rule of Law as a means of expression for constitutional democracy beyond the limited circle of occidental countries contributed to the latent universalization of the principle, but also of the development of a rhetoric that transformed it into a myth that forms the basis of contemporary political debates. The ideas (constitutionalism, political democracy, the « juridical handling » of fundamental freedoms) that nurture discussions on the Rule of Law point the political and institutional practices of sovereign states in a specific direction. Conversely, globalization is associated with the emergence of « borderless laws » and the creation of new machinery for imposing regulations that would reduce state sovereignty in various areas currently under their exclusive jurisdiction. Since the integrity of national legal systems is solidly based upon the prevalence of constitutional standards, the effectiveness of the Rule of Law and constitutionalism may become shaky owing to the multiplication of legal systems in potential competition with one another. Globalization offers fertile ground for devising various scenarios wherein states no longer have precedence over the dynamics for creating standards or setting reference points. If this analysis highlights the exacerbation of many contradictions, it correspondingly underscores the complementarity arising from the limits of the State being outpaced by the classical sources of international law. Between the globalization of the Rule of Law and its correlative integration into the multiform realities of globalization, current transformations demonstrate the need for reformulating the Rule of Law.