Documents found
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10261.More information
How would the usage of Indigenous languages contribute to overcoming the epistemological gap between Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Environmental Impact Assessments? This article examines incommensurabilities that arise in Sakha-Russian and Cree-English translations of EIA through the translations of the most common words in samples. Without being embedded in Indigenous languages, TEK and other knowledges are easily decontextualized, and results in the loss of layers of meaning. This study adopted a linguistic anthropological approach to language combined with content analysis and guided by a poststructuralist mode of analysis. We argue policies around EIA/EAs must be shifted to center Indigenous languages as the source of TEK and ensure that there is space for these languages to be used in the consultation processes.
Keywords: Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Alberta, Indigenous Languages, Indigenous Epistemologies
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10262.More information
ABSTRACTStarting with an empirical analysis of shareholders in Quebec's capital market, which raises historiographical and epistemological issues, this article highlights the significance of the internal social relations in understanding the national question. By the early decades of this century, the capital market in Québec contrasted sharply with that in English Canada. Although both relied on joint-stock companies, in Québec this emerging market was an integral part of a nationalist strategy, which enjoyed significant support among petty and middle-ranking bourgeois. Historically rooted and socially based, the creation of a separate capital market in Québec was thus a significant indicator of the distinct path to capitalism taken in Québec.
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10264.More information
AbstractDivided into two sections, an exploratory study was carried out in four SMEs of the area of Mauricie in Quebec. Initially, using a conceptual framework based on three concepts : user competence (Munro et al., 1997), computer self-efficacy (Compeau, Higgins et Huff, 1999 ; Compeau and Higgins, 1995) and cognitive absorption (Agarwal and Karahanna, 2000), a data acquisition on 30 end-users of the Internet made it possible to evaluate their use and their appropriation in context of SME. From this point of view of the technological appropriation, the results show that competences and computer self-efficacy can play an important role, while being significantly dependant.Secondly, the realization of semi-directed interviews on the managers responsible for the systems and information technologies, allowed a qualitative analysis of the factors contributing or not to encourage the use and the appropriation of the Internet in SME. It was then noted that the importance of the security measures, the consultation of the future users, the formulation and the diffusion of clear objectives, the support and the encouragement with the use made on behalf of the executive team, the availability of resources as well as the mechanisms of management of problems and crisis inevitably occurring, are as many factors that are not necessarily taken in care by the managers of SME. These are as many elements which are likely to affect the technological level of appropriation of the users, and this by several manners. In particular, by their effects, direct or indirect, on the qualification level of the end-users and their computer self-efficacy.
Keywords: Appropriation technologique, Internet, Compétences de l'utilisateur, Sentiment d'efficacité personnelle, Absorption cognitive, Facteurs critiques de succès, PME
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10265.More information
This paper summarises a diagnosis of some human resource management (HRM) activities in 12 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of the Canadian consulting engineering industry. Data were collected by means of thorough interviews with the persons assuming the main HRM responsibilities in these SMEs. These interviews were structured by the use of an exhaustive questionnaire covering the main HRM activities. The employment and maintenance activities analysed in this paper are human resource planning, job analysis, recruitment, selection, induction, compensation and performance appraisal. This study has three major objectives. First, it provides descriptive data on the use of these HRM activities in SMEs of the consulting engineering industry. Second, it evaluates the level of development of these activities in light of the normative HRM body of knowledge. Finally, it summarizes the major obstacles faced by the persons assuming these HRM responsibilities. The results underline the adaptive capacities of the SMEs but they also suggest the pertinence of improving some of their HRM activities.
Keywords: Gestion des ressources humaines (GRH), Pratiques de GRH, Petites et moyennes entreprises (PME), Gestion de projets (GP), Diagnostic, Sociétés-conseils, Ingénierie
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10266.More information
This research bears on the answers provided by 2278entrepreneurs in 14 countries about their motivation to establish a new enterprise. Preliminary statistical analysis revealed important differences in the way entrepreneurs answer motivation questions (38 of them) and, even more important, in the way certain nationalities gauge the relative importance of motivation factors. To correct these answering modes, the original data were recoded and reclassified according to the personal equation statistical method. Ascending hierarchical classification of the recoded data reveals that motivations are grouped according to three broad regional entities : the Anglo-Saxon Block, the Scandinavian Block, and the Mixed Block which comprises developing countries for the most part. Seven main motivation factors emerge from the rotated Varimax factor analysis of the recoded and reclassified data : need for social recognition, need for selfdevelopment, need for money, needfor independence and autonomy, communitarianism, need forescape, and opportunism. The distribution of these factors and of the the underlying variables suggests clearly that entrepreneurial motivations cut across national boundaries and transcend cultural systems of countries. The results indicate that the motivation to become an entrepreneur in a given country is primarily determined by metacultural factors that transcend the immediate socio-economic environment.
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10267.More information
This article is intended to support organizations that contribute to the development of recognition of prior learning (RPL) to promote access to regulated professions where there is a shortage. It uses the teaching profession in Quebec as an example. The method is a review of the literature on university RPL published between 2005 and 2021, in nine databases and in the work of organizations active in RPL empirical research. The content analysis framework focuses on the functions and phases of the RPL process in universities, particularly of learning realized in non-formal or informal contexts. The review confirms that this type of recognition can be complex to achieve and that its implementation relies on continuous efforts to allow for a progressive adhesion of the personnel involved and a coherent institutional message. The article suggests avenues for action and research to create favourable conditions for RPL.
Keywords: Reconnaissance des acquis, Recognition of prior learning, université, university, profession réglementée, regulated profession, enseignement, teaching, recension des écrits, literature review
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10268.
L'émigration des Canadiens français vers les États-Unis, 1790-1940 : problématique et coups de sonde
More informationAbstractUsing a Faucher-Dales approach to migration phenomena, the authors sketch a plausible scenario of the pattern of migration of French Canadians to the United States as regulated by the size of the differential economic rent. Making use of all available data, the authors show that this approach would appear to be vindicated to the extent that the scenario it suggests is compatible with the available estimates of the migration flows.
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10270.More information
This article will attempt to illustrate that the use of different methods of legislative interpretation that an interpreter defends can reveal something about the more general constitutional theory to which she or he adheres. This analysis will allow us to identify more specifically the constitutional theories of Louis-Philippe Pigeon, judge of the Supreme Court of Canada from 1967 to 1980. Louis-Philippe Pigeon developed his constitutional theories over the course of many years— first as a jurist for various provincial governments, next a professor of constitutional law at the Faculty of Law at Laval University, and finally as justice of the Supreme Court. All these years are marked by the implementation of the different methods of legislative interpretation that were familiar to him. Our analysis develops around two distinct themes. On the one hand, Louis-Philippe Pigeon's conjugation of legislative interpretation and constitutional law finds expression as a search for an efficient distribution of legislative competences. His opinions in this field are incidentally still followed today. On the other hand, grounded in the principles of literal interpretation, his interpretation of the fundamental rights protected by the Canadian Bill of Rights diverges from the scope that contemporary jurisprudence affords them. While still a dissenting voice, the constitutional theories that Justice Pigeon defended are characteristic of the principle of the separation of powers.