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345.More information
Preliminary investigations of isotopic compositions of faunas, sediments and calcareous concretions from the postglacial seas of Québec, permitted to define an average range of composition for each of them. The Goldthwait, Iberville and Tyrrell seas have compositions similar to those presently found in Arctic waters. On the contrary, closed basins, such as the Champlain Sea, show marked negative compositions which can be attributed to influx of melt-water and more generally, continental waters. The amplitude of the variations due to that factor masks isotopic changes brought about by temperature fluctuations. Systematic differences of composition exist between shallow and deep water faunas. Those can be related to the presence of water layers which have different salinity and temperature. The similarities in the isotopic composition range between the Champlain Sea and the present James Bay tend to indicate a gross similar hydrological system. Finally, the homogeneity of isotopic composition of calcareous concretions in each basin show that most of the concretions are formed shortly after deposition of the sediments. In addition, the isotopic data suggest that waters, at least the deeper waters, have a deficit in 14C in most marine basins. This would yield greater 14C ages for shells, compared to those obtained with continental wood in isotopic equilibrium with the atmosphere.
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347.More information
With the local scale, stakeholders often perceive the risks of coastal pollution by hydrocarbons by a maritime entry, where the preventive solutions would emanate from international authorities. Nevertheless, in the scope of coastal management of pollution, it is advisable to integrate this risk in the management of coastal territories, as well as other risks (erosion, telluric pollution…). The aim of integrated coastal zone management is a better coordination of local management for an effective preparation of the terrestrial fight. Intercommunality scale seems to be the best way to ensure the interrelationship between the national and international scale and the communal level.
Keywords: GIZC, pollutions côtières, plan infrapolmar, intercommunalité, ICZM, coastal pollution, infrapolmar plan, intercommunality
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348.More information
The anthropological theory of the didactic sets out the questioning of mathematical knowledge as playing a decisive role, and proposes the development of reference epistemological models (REMs) as an analytical tool. We present a REM of the development of school algebra that fits into a broader model connecting arithmetic, algebra, relative numbers, functional modeling and differential calculus. This model takes “calculation programs” as a starting point, viewing algebra as a structured modeling process in three stages. We illustrate the potential of this model for creating and analyzing didactic sequences in the first stage of the algebrization process.
Keywords: théorie anthropologique du didactique, modèle épistémologique de référence, processus d'algébrisation, programmes de calcul, jeux de mathémagie, algebrization process, anthropological theory of didactics, calculation programs of computation, epistemological reference model, mathemagic games, teoría antropológica de lo didáctico, modelo epistemológico de referencia, proceso algebraico, programas de cálculo, juegos de matemagia
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349.More information
Descriptions of seaside resorts often talk about preserved natural environment, which the tourists look for. However, nature has two sides in this type of places: first of all, a green setting, which must bring out the seaside resort; then an ideal, which concealed a reduction of natural spaces and power stakes. Since the 18th century, tourists and nature, in multiple facets (parcelle of land, area, town), have complex links, to the delight of this nature at its control, until its protection. The local actors used its new display and representation: they control the nature and, by this way, the future development of the seaside resort. Nature is not the object of disinterestedness is not with which the tourist speech usually associates it.
Keywords: France, histoire, station balnéaire, espace naturel, jardin, promenade, discours touristique, protection, nature, France, history, seaside resort, natural space, park, promenade, tourist speech, protection, nature
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350.More information
Beyond the important humanitarian issues it raises, the expected rising sea level is likely to have a major impact on the delimitation of coastal States' maritime territories around the world. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea allows States to claim maritime territories of a maximum width calculated from baselines corresponding to emerged structures of their territory. However, this convention does not specify the fate of established baselines in the event where the structures justifying them come to be submerged. Faced with this situation, two opposed scenarios are considered: States may either adapt their maritime claims to their new geographical reality or retain their former baselines without taking this change into account. The present article presents different arguments raised in support of both of these two conceptions while taking a stand for the fix baselines thesis.