Résumés
Abstract
A competent translator seems to make extensive use of inferential strategies in the process of understanding a source text in translation. It also appears that extralinguistic knowledge plays an important role in this inference. However, it has not been determined how important it is relative to other components of translator competence and in what way it is important. This study investigated the use of extralinguistic knowledge in comprehension processes by analyzing data from L2->L1 translation, a questionnaire and a think-aloud study. Professional translators, translation students (or semi-professionals), and language learners participated in the study. Major (albeit tentative) findings are the following: (i) The use of extralinguistic knowledge that is most relevant for a specific translation problem makes the inferential process more concise and efficient and it leads to a higher-quality translation; (ii) “Translation effort” can compensate for overall lack of linguistic and extralinguistic competence in translation. It is suggested that a translator needs to have a broad base of specialized knowledge as well as world knowledge. Also, s/he should bear in mind that the greater the effort or involvement with the translation, the better the output.
Keywords/Mots-clés:
- translator competence,
- comprehension,
- inferences,
- extralinguistic knowledge,
- specialized knowledge
Résumé
Quand un traducteur compétent interprète un texte qu’il doit traduire, il a souvent recours à la stratégie d’inférence. Il semble aussi que, dans cette phase de compréhension, les connaissances extralinguistiques du traducteur jouent un rôle crucial. Cependant, nous ne savons pas encore quelle est l’importance de ces connaissances extralinguistiques par rapport à d’autres éléments constituant la compétence pure de traduction et en quoi elles jouent un rôle aussi considérable. Cet article a pour but d’étudier, à partir des données obtenues grâce à un questionnnaire et au TAP (Thinking Aloud Protocol), le rôle des connaissances extralinguistiques au moment de la compréhension dans la traduction L1 → L2. les traducteurs professionnels, des apprentis traducteurs (semi-traducteurs) et des étudiants apprenant la langue étrangère ont participé à cette enquête. Le résultat des analyses illustre bien que : (i) l’utilisation active des connaissances extralinguistiques améliore la concision et l’efficacité des inférences des traducteurs, et augmente la qualité de la traduction ; et (ii) « L’effort de traduction » peut compenser l’insuffisance de compétences linguistiques et extralinguistiques. Le traducteur devrait donc avoir un large éventail de connaissances générales et spécialisées pour produire une traduction de qualité. De plus, il doit garder à l’esprit que plus intenses sont l’effort et la motivation, meilleure sera la traduction finale.
초록
번역과정에서 원문을 이해하기 위해서는 추론전략이 동원되며, 언어외적 지식은 이러한 추론과정에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 본고에서는 전문번역사, 번역학습자, 언어학습자를 대상으로 한 L2->L1번역, 설문조사, 사고발화연구를 통해 이해과정에서의 언어외적 지식의 역할을 살펴보았다. 연구결과 번역문제 해결에 적절한 언어외적 지식이 있다면 보다 간결한 번역과정을 통해 더욱 효율적으로 양질의 번역을 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 "번역노력"은 언어적/언어외적 지식의 결함을 극복할 수 있는 중요한 번역능력의 요소임이 밝혀졌다. 번역사는 보다 광범위한 분야에 관심을 갖고 일반지식은 물론 전문지식을 갖출 수 있도록 평소 꾸준한 노력을 기울여야 하며, 무엇보다도 번역에 임하는 자세가 보다 진지하고 성실해야 할 것이다.
Parties annexes
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10.7202/008022ar