Résumés
Résumé
En avril 2021, le rapport de la Commission Laurent faisait ressortir l’importance d’assurer à chaque enfant une famille pour la vie et la nécessité de lui offrir rapidement une stabilité affective à long terme. Pour un enfant placé au Québec, les options considérées comme permanentes sont la réunification, l’adoption, la tutelle et le placement jusqu’à la majorité. Les attributs de la trajectoire de placement comme les déplacements et les bris de réunifications sont habituellement étudiés en silo, ce qui nuit à la compréhension globale de la trajectoire. La présente étude vise à vérifier l’existence de profils de trajectoire parmi les enfants placés, puis à évaluer si ces profils sont associés au statut de permanence qui est observé 9,5 ans après l’entrée dans les services. Une cohorte provinciale constituée des enfants signalés en protection de la jeunesse en 2008-09 puis placés en milieu substitut est utilisée (n=2892). Les données clinico-administratives des services de protection sont exploitées pour constituer la cohorte et décrire la trajectoire de placement jusqu’en 2017. Les analyses de profils latents font ressortir cinq profils de trajectoire : courte et stable; longue stabilisée; instabilité en milieu substitut; bris de réunification en urgence; et instabilité sévère généralisée. Certains profils mènent vers des statuts de permanence distincts, identifiant des leviers pour prévenir les trajectoires d’instabilité. Notamment, les résultats font ressortir la nécessité de mieux soutenir la réunification familiale et d’accompagner les milieux qui accueillent des jeunes à l’adolescence pour favoriser la stabilité du placement.
Mots-clés :
- Placement,
- Trajectoire,
- Stabilité,
- Permanence,
- Protection de la jeunesse
Abstract
In April 2021, the report of the Laurent Commission highlighted the importance of ensuring that every child has a family for life and the need to quickly provide emotional stability on a permanent basis. In Quebec, the options considered as permanent are reunification, adoption, guardianship and placement until majority. Attributes of the placement trajectory such as placement moves and reunification breakdowns are usually studied in silos, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of the trajectory. The present study aims to test for the existence of trajectory patterns among children in care and then assess whether these patterns are associated with permanency status that is observed 9.5 years after entry into services. A provincial cohort consisting of children reported to child protection services in 2008-09 and then placed in substitute care was used (n=2892). Clinico-administrative data from protective services are mined to build the cohort and describe the placement trajectory through 2017. Latent profile analyses reveal five trajectory profiles: short and stable; long stabilized; instability in care; emergency reunification breakdown; and severe generalized instability. Some of the profiles lead to distinct permanency statuses, identifying levers for preventing instability trajectories. In particular, the results highlight the need to better support family reunification and to accompany the environments that receive young people during adolescence to promote their stability in placement.
Keywords:
- Out-of-home care,
- Trajectory,
- Stability,
- Permanency,
- Child Protection Services
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Parties annexes
Remerciements
Les auteurs souhaitent remercier Jean-François Cardin et Marie-Noèle Royer pour l’extraction et le traitement des données administratives, de même que Annie Lemieux pour le soutient statistique et Élisabeth Plante pour le soutient à l’édition. Le troisième cycle de l’évaluation d’impacts de la LPJ (ÉLPJ3) a été financé par le Ministère de la Santé et des services sociaux et l’analyse réalisée dans le cadre du présent article a reçu le soutien financier de l’Équipe de recherche sur le placement et l’adoption en contexte de protection de la jeunesse.
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