Résumés
Abstract
In North America, aural skills (as) are usually taught to children during the instrumental music lessons. While learning musical dictation and sight-singing can be difficult for some learners, the use of appropriate technological tools could facilitate the process. However, the use of information and communication technologies (ict) by music teachers in aural skills instruction to children have not been documented. An online survey was conducted in the Province of Quebec (Canada) in order to answer the following questions: 1) To what extent do instrumental music teachers use ict when teaching as to children between 6 and 12 years old?; 2) Are the teachers’ socio-demographic characteristics, as training and perception of as teaching linked to the use and the frequency of use of ict? The results show that the use of ict to teach as is still relatively uncommon. Furthermore, it would be negatively correlated with age, competence felt during training and perceived competence to teach as. Finally, it appears that a smaller proportion of piano teachers and women use ict, or use them less often. A better understanding of the teachers’ perception of technology could help develop more adapted resources.
Keywords:
- aural skills,
- computer,
- ear training,
- smartphone,
- technology
Résumé
En Amérique du Nord, la formation auditive (fa) est habituellement enseignée aux enfants durant les leçons instrumentales individuelles. La dictée musicale et la lecture à vue chantée peuvent causer des difficultés à certains apprenants, mais l’usage d’outils technologiques appropriés pourrait faciliter le processus. Par contre, l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et des communications (tic) par les professeurs de musique dans un contexte d’enseignement de la fa n’a pas encore été documentée. Un questionnaire en ligne a été distribué au Québec dans le but de répondre aux questions de recherche suivantes : 1) Dans quelle mesure les professeurs d’instrument utilisent-ils les tic lorsqu’ils enseignent la fa aux enfants de 6 à 12 ans ? ; 2) Existe-t-il un lien entre la fréquence d’utilisation des tic par les professeurs et leurs caractéristiques sociodémographiques, leur expérience d’apprentissage de la fa et leur perception de l’enseignement de la fa ? Les résultats suggèrent que l’usage des tic pour enseigner la fa est peu répandu. De plus, il est négativement corrélé avec l’âge, le sentiment de compétence vécu pendant l’apprentissage ainsi que le sentiment de compétence pour enseigner la fa. Enfin, les professeurs de piano et les femmes ont moins tendance à utiliser les tic et les utilisent moins souvent. Une meilleure compréhension de la perception que les professeurs ont des technologies sera utile afin de développer des ressources adaptées aux besoins de ces derniers.
Mots-clés :
- compétences auditives,
- formation auditive,
- ordinateur,
- technologie,
- téléphone intelligent
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Parties annexes
Funding and Acknowledgments
Funding. This work was supported by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (sshrc), from the Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate Scholarships Program.
Acknowledgments. The authors would like to thank Manon Saint-Pierre for the linguistic revision.
Biographical notes
Justine Pomerleau Turcotte obtient un baccalauréat en musique en 2015, puis une maîtrise en éducation musicale avec mémoire en 2016 à l’Université Laval. Dans le cadre de son doctorat dirigé par Maria Teresa Moreno Sala et codirigé par Francis Dubé, elle s’intéresse aux facteurs cognitifs liés à l’utilisation de stratégies pour réussir des lectures à vues chantées chez des étudiants de niveau collégial et universitaire. Elle travaille actuellement comme auxiliaire de recherche et participe à la refonte du programme de matières théoriques de l’École préparatoire Anna-Marie-Globenski.
Maria Teresa Moreno Sala est professeure agrégée de la Faculté de musique de l’Université Laval en formation auditive. Membre régulier de l’oicrm, elle s’intéresse, sur le plan de la recherche, à l’apprentissage de la formation auditive et à son enseignement, à l’intégration des technologies et l’improvisation dans cette matière, et à la compréhension des processus psychologiques sous-jacents. Elle est subventionnée par le fqrsc, le crsh et l’Université Laval pour effectuer ses travaux de recherche. Puis, elle a obtenu une subvention fci, pour construire le laboratoire de recherche en formation auditive et en didactique instrumentale (LaRFADI).
Francis Dubé est professeur titulaire de didactique instrumentale à la Faculté de musique de l’Université Laval. Subventionné par le crsh, le frqsc et Affaires mondiales Canada, ses travaux de recherche portent sur la créativité musicale, les approches informelles d’apprentissage et l’utilisation de la gamification dans l’apprentissage de la musique. Il a obtenu une subvention fci pour la construction du Laboratoire de recherche en formation auditive et en didactique instrumentale (LaRFADI). Il encadre plus d’une trentaine d’étudiants de 2e et de 3e cycles. Membre régulier de l’oicrm Francis Dubé est également responsable du Centre d’excellence en pédagogie musicale de l’Université Laval.
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