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This article aims to explore the ways in which the politics of the European state welfare affect the growth of informal employment aiming to overcome poverty. It is important to establish distinctions between different types of informal work, which differ significantly among types of welfare state systems, taking into account the importance of work regulations, the degrees of control over and of sanctions upon informal work, the ability to access social protection, the dynamic demographic of migrations, etc. The combination of these factors contribute to exposing the various degrees which workers in the most vulnerable formal economies experience social risks, generally covered by measures of social protection and social rights.In its empirical section, the paper analyses data of the Special Eurobarometer 2014 and the findings of cross-national comparative research in an international EU project for five European countries (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Poland and Spain) which are based on national survey data and qualitative research data.
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778.More information
This article identifies the most successful method for resolving conflicts resulting from corporate crime. Looking at the traditional mechanisms of conflict resolution used in Europe, such as criminal prosecution, dispute settlement, and financial compensation, reveals that these mechanisms often fail to meet victim expectations due to the particular characteristics of this kind of victimization. Given this, it is important to explore the opportunities that restorative justice provides for conflict resolution in cases of corporate crime. Restorative justice forces the parties involved to deal with the fundamentals of the conflict, while respecting the expectations of all parties. This approach not only encourages acknowledgement of culpability but also leads to conflict resolution negotiations whose first objectives are repairing harm and reconciling the parties involved.
Keywords: Victimes, criminalité d'entreprise, justice restauratrice, Victims, corporate crime, restorative justice, Víctimas, criminalidad empresarial, justicia restaurativa