Documents found
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111.More information
Despite the high popularity of personal use of online social media, a low percentage of students and instructors use them for educational purposes. This qualitative study explores the use of social media among faculty in the discipline of public administration in the United States. Eight instructors participated in telephone interviews about their experiences and perceptions of using social media for teaching and learning. Instructors perceive that informal learning using social media could be facilitated by instructors and integrated into formal learning environments for enriched discussions, increased engagement, and broad connections. This study provides qualitative empirical support for social learning theories while offering strategies for and examples of how social media can be used to connect formal and informal learning.
Keywords: Social media, qualitative study, public administration, instructional strategy, formal learning, informal learning, social networking
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112.More information
Privacy laws have traditionally been rooted in an individualistic perspective of privacy based on the mechanism of individual consent. When considering the practices of the web giants, whose business model is based on the exploitation of personal data, this perspective seems inadequate: it takes insufficient account of the asymmetries of power and information involved and wrongly assumes that privacy is an individual matter. It therefore fails to adequately protect individuals and thus facilitates the occurence of harmful effects. We first recall the limits of the individualistic conception of privacy protection – the notice and choice or notice and consent model – in relation to the online platforms practices. We then critically consider two solutions based on a collective conception of privacy: data trusts and their apprehension by Quebec civil law, followed by canadian common law fiduciary duties, and more particularly the fiduciary duty of loyalty. While these approaches seem promising, they both have significant limitations that make their implementation difficult to conceive. Firstly, data trusts, based on individual choice to entrust one's data to an external actor, replicate the difficulties associated with the notice and choice model. Their effective implementation also presupposes the interest, understanding and trust of individuals in the mechanism, which are far from being acquired. Secondly, the imposition of a duty of loyalty would require platforms to dramatically change their current business practices, changes that would not come without resistance. Privacy law, both in its individual and collective conception, is insufficient to adequately protect individuals in the digital environment. Other areas of regulation must be brought into play.
Keywords: vie privée, données personnelles, fiducies (), plateformes, devoir de loyauté, privacy law (online privacy), personal data, trusts, platforms, duty of loyalty
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113.More information
This article analyzes a case of « gastronomic racism » in the northern Italian town of Bergamo. Drawing on long-term ongoing ethnographic field work, it looks specifically at how participants in a Facebook group founded to protest the presence of a kebab stand in the historic Upper City used particular semiotic and linguistic resources, such as food, place, language and bodily experience, to draw boundaries between insiders and outsiders. In doing so, the article contributes to discussions about the meaning of food and its place within local and global communities and networks. It treats food as a heavily marked and potent signifier of the local and the global, embedded within ongoing regional, national and global debates about the value of people, things, practices, and values on the move.
Keywords: Cavanaugh, nourriture, Italie, Facebook, média, immigration, langue, globalisation, Cavanaugh, Food, Italy, Facebook, Media, Immigration, Language, Globalization, Cavanaugh, comida, Italia, Facebook, media, inmigración, lengua, globalización
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114.More information
This article is about the way unions are using digital information and communication technologies (DICTs) for experiments in new democratic practices within their organizations. The aim is to understand how such experimenting is shaping the ways of carrying out and imagining representative, participatory and deliberative democracy. Our theoretical approach is inspired by the experimentalist approach and by work on digital democracy. On the empirical level, our article is based on semi-structured interviews with the communications managers of thirteen union organizations in Quebec and on analysis of how these managers use and mobilize DICTs with a view to improving the effectiveness of democratic practices, increasing the extent and intensity of collective participation and mobilization and better aggregating the interests and concerns of different stakeholders. Whereas preceding studies of digital democracy put forward the hypothesis of DICTs causing a horizontalization of democratic practices, our results show that DICTs may be revitalizing representative democracy, notably by improving the flow of internal communication processes. These technologies also seem to be contributing to renewal of participatory and deliberative democratic practices, not only as a lever for mobilization but also as a tool for channelling and disseminating union discourse. On the other hand, our results reveal significant limits to the integrative effects of these DICTs, which for the time being are not radically transforming the democratic functioning of unions. Little has been done to try and provide the voiceless—notably young people, women and visible minorities—with spaces for deliberation. In that sense, DICTs are seldom used to aggregate the interests of marginalized, underrepresented groups. To revitalize union democracy, one should first include such voiceless people in the processes of deliberation and participation.SummaryThis article is about the way unions are using digital information and communication technologies (DICTs) for experiments in new practices of representative, participatory and deliberative democracy within their organizations. We rely here on the theory of the experimentalist approach and the literature on digital democracy. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with the communications managers of thirteen union organizations in Quebec. Our research findings show that DICTs are not replacing traditional practices but are instead being superimposed on older practices. Our findings also highlight the limits to such experiments, these limits being due not to the intrinsic characteristics of DICTs but to the way these technologies are mobilized and used by actors in the union movement.
Keywords: Syndicats, expérimentation, démocratie syndicale, démocratie numérique, médias sociaux, unions, experimentation, union democracy, digital democracy, social media
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116.More information
Access to justice is an increasing concern for the legal, politic and academic spheres in Quebec and in Canada. Many problems are related to the financial inaccessibility of legal services for a considerable number of litigants, but also to the cognitive inaccessibility of the legal universe. In this light, information and communication technologies [ICT] make up an important part of the discussions about ways to make justice more accessible. More specifically, social media could democratize legal information insofar as they are easy to use, gather a diversity of content, and are more and more ingrained in daily activities. Despite the growing interest in these platforms in terms of access to justice, their uses pertaining to legal information are yet to be explored by legal researchers. This article hence focuses on these platforms and more specifically on Facebook, which allows users to simultaneously be creators, receptors and relators of legal information content. We finally introduce a typology useful to research oriented towards law and social media.
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117.More information
Examining emojis in their enunciation context in a corpus of French-speaking Facebook pages in October 2018, this article shows how a grammar of emojis can emerges from the use community managers make of them. Emojis show a rhetorical and marketing potential to hold readers’ attention and to increase its engagement both central to maintain reader’s loyalty to the brands. This digital affective labour, as Camille Alloing and Julien Pierre identified it, is related to a general process of normalization: implicit norms of emojis’ use are built up. Nevertheless, those rules do not wipe out the possibility for the brands to keep a free hand on its use of this tool and to create a singular lexicon, depending on its strategy of e-reputation and differentiation.
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118.More information
On some online social networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Google+, people connect with professional and personal contacts, and share work and non-work information (e.g., stats, photos, videos). This creates a collision of the different social circles, which otherwise, in everyday life, tend to be segmented. The consequences of this collision may be very beneficial or on the contrary very detrimental to interpersonal relationships and professional reputations. This paper analyzes boundary management between work and non-work identities on online social networks as a digital competency and a form of digital cultural capital à la Bourdieu (1979). First, we argue that boundary management between work and non-work identities can be understood as a competency. Second, we explain how the publicly mediated interactions on online social networks differ from direct and privately mediated interactions, which implies that the boundary management competency needs to be transposed in the digital social world. We then illustrate this digital competency by presenting a typology of four online boundary management strategies on online social networks. Last, we analyze this competency as a form of digital cultural capital that individuals incorporate. We argue that this digital capital acts as a symbolic capital that enables the development and maintenance of an individual's social capital.
Keywords: gestion des frontières entre vie professionnelle et vie personnelle, réseaux sociaux numériques, compétence numérique, capital culturel technologique, Bourdieu, boundary management between work and non-work identities, online social networks, digital competency, digital cultural capital, Bourdieu
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119.More information
This article questions the transformation of mourning experiences in the digital age. Based on the hypermodernity theory, which emphasizes the choices imposed by the presence of information and communication technologies in the lives of individuals, the authors insist on the porosity of the spatial and temporal boundaries of digital spaces of commemoration. This porosity, which did not exist in the same terms for the physical spaces of commemoration, forces individuals to manage by themselves the distance to be taken with these spaces where the dead are located. In this context, the experience of mourning is transformed significantly, which is also true for most separation experiences lived by younger and more connected generations.
Keywords: deuil, connexion, Tic, hypermodernité
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