Documents found
-
474.More information
For twenty years, the European Union has qualified as a supranational actor more and more present on the educational scene. Through the European strategies - Lisbon 2010 and Europe 2020 - but also the open method of coordination, an essential mutation has been occurring at the level of Member States. In this article, I intend to analyse in which manner the European Union manages to become a genuine educational actor. Thematic analysis of forty semi-structured interviews conducted with European and international officials demonstrate that the European leaders prepared the European “suitcase” for the first “flight” of 2010 and the second one in 2020. Mainly, this briefcase regroups benchmarks, core competencies, mobility programs and the European qualifications framework. If the European Union is able to “boast” with a national or international political visibility through educational proposals however, an unknown factor remains in this geopolitical equation.
Keywords: Union européenne, méthode ouverte de coordination, stratégie de Lisbonne, stratégie Europe 2020, benchmarks, acquis communautaire, European Union, open method of coordination, Lisbon Strategy, Strategy Europe 2020, benchmarks, acquis communautaire
-
477.More information
At a time where State borders seem to disappear under the weight of free trade treaties, the border between Quebec and Labrador raises various issues and challenges for the development of Northern Quebec and Labrador itself. Erected in 1927, following the jugment of the London Private Council, this interprovincial boundary is partly contested by the Government of Quebec. In addition, it remains « the only Interstate border in the Americas not being clearly delineated on the ground by any physical element ». This situation is problematic insofar as the huge mineral deposit of the Labrador trough ends up straddling the border. Despite the interconnection of road and rail networks as well as the free movement of goods and persons, the border introduces the coexistence of two different legal and fiscal regimes. The border sectors of Schefferville-Menihek, Labrador-City―Fermont and Blanc-Sablon―L'Anse-au-clair live the daily consequences of geopolitics. In this context, our paper aims to discuss the effects of the existence of this border on the development of resources and the people of the North. Is this a line largely imaginary having little impact on the lives of the citizens and the practices of institutions and the companies? On the contrary, can we identify commercial leak or tax avoidance strategies of socio-economic agents? In general, can we describe the land border between Quebec and Newfoundland-and-Labrador as being a serious limit to an integrated regional development policy in the North of the Quebec-Labrador peninsula? We have tried to answer these questions using the field visits and interviews with local actors. Our results illustrate a complex reality made as much exchanges, partnerships that competition and duplication of services.
Keywords: frontière, Québec, Labrador, développement régional, Nord, industrie minière, border, Québec, Labrador, regional development, North, mining industry
-
478.More information
This article investigates locational determinants of Chinese and Russian FDI in Europe from 2006 to 2017. Chinese and Russian FDI bear certain similarities. They have been attracted by technology and innovation. However, in contrast with Russian MNEs, the choice of Chinese investors have been also affected by the existence of opportunities offered by market, in particular by the subprime crisis. Russian FDI has been more motivated by geopolitics. The empirical results on the impact of institutional variables on Chinese FDI have been mixed, while Russian FDI has been attracted by weak institutions.
Keywords: IDE Sud-Nord, les EMN émergentes, Union européenne, déterminants institutionnels, modèle multi-niveaux, South-to-North FDI, Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises (EMNEs), European Union, Institutional Determinants, Multilevel Model, IDE Sur-Norte, empresas multinacionales emergentes, Unión Europea, determinantes institucionales, modelo multinivel
-
479.
-
480.More information
Multilateral agreements are in vogue in the world of international organizations and reflect a growing desire to strengthen hydro-diplomacy to prevent conflicts over the sharing of transboundary waters. However, such sharing is historically pre-empted by bilateral agreements between states. In this context, we question the capacity of multilateral agreements for the management of transboundary waters to be drivers of environmental hydro-diplomacy. We show that while these agreements do not directly resolve the obstacle of the territorial sovereignty of States and political issues as in the case of the Jordan River basin, nor that of the quantitative sharing of transboundary waters, they do create spaces for dialogue federated by environmental issues as shown in the case of the Danube River basin, tempering unilateral actions and contributing smoothly to a redistribution of roles towards non-state actors.
Keywords: eaux transfrontalières, accords multilatéraux, hydro-diplomatie, Danube, Jourdain, transboundary waters, multilateral agreements, hydro-diplomacy, Danube, Jordan