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This article offers a criminological reading of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein based on the 1831 edition. It discusses the opposition between Dr. Victor Frankenstein's physiognomic prejudice and the creature's discourse designating social exclusion as the cause of its mischief. Frankenstein's accusations rely mostly on its creation's appearance, borrowing from Johann Kaspar Lavater's principles. The monstrous creature counteracts its maker's presumptions by interpreting its own criminal behaviour similarly to Christian Wolf's self-analysis in Schiller's short story “Der Verbrecher aus Verlorene Ehre.” A close reading of the circumstances of each of the monster's four crimes demonstrates how deeply its criminality is interlocked with social rejection caused by its own external deformity. Both perspectives adapt tropes that can be found in criminal biographies still reprinted in the 1810s. Though both positions are credible, I argue that the storyline supports the creature's view that the criminal might be a monster, but created by those it vengefully hurts. Throughout, I indicate when changes to Shelley's 1816-1817 draft were made to arrive to the 1831 wording, paying also attention to who effected them.

One of the most significant attributes of digital computation is that it has disrupted extant work practices in multiple disciplines, including history. In this contribution, I argue that far from being a trend that should be resisted, it in fact should be encouraged. Computation is presenting historians with novel opportunities to express, analyze, and teach the past, but that potential will only be realized if scholars assume a new research mandate, that of design. For many historians, such a research agenda is likely to seem strange, if not beyond the pale. There are tasks that fall properly within the domain of the Historian's Craft and the design of workflows for digital platforms and expressive forms for digital narratives are not among them. In Section One, via the writings of Harold Innis, I make the case that a preoccupation with design is in fact very much part of Canada's historiographic tradition. In Section Two, I present an environmental scan of emerging technologies, and suggest that now is an opportune time to revive Innis' preoccupation with design. In the following two sections, I present the StructureMorph Project, a case study showing how historians can leverage the properties of digital form to realize their expressive, narrative, and attestive needs in the digital, virtual worlds that will become increasingly important platforms for representing, disseminating, and interpreting the past.

This paper present results about the evaluation of a package. A pour Autre© is an interactive educational package composed by three tools (guide, DVD, interactive web site) developed to support the learning of social skills among child and young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) aged between 6 and 17 years old. It addressed needs of autism persons and their parents and educators. An online survey was conducted and questionnaire was send by mail between March 2015 and February 2016 to develop a profile of users as well as evaluate their satisfaction in relation to the various elements of the kit. One hundred and five persons (N = 105) responded to the survey and twenty eight (n = 28) use the tools. In general, the users are satisfied with their experience (web site ergonomic and usability of tools) and consider the package to be effective for teaching social skills. Respondents suggest producing additional videos about different situations.

Keywords: habiletés sociales, trouble du spectre de l'autisme, vidéo, plateforme web interactive, social skills, autism spectrum disorders, video, interactive web site

“No human reads your mail to target ads or other information without your consent.” This is an excerpt included in Google's Gmail Privacy Policy that explains the methodology underlying the interactive advertisement process incorporated into Google's web-based e-mail service. Google's inclusion of this assurance reveals a number of complex privacy concerns. As information technology continues to influence privacy on the Internet, the latter's viability as a legally protected right comes into question. The theme of this essay competition is the relation between law and cyberspace. In addressing the struggle faced by governments and industry experts to identify effective approaches for regulating emerging technologies, the author compares the effectiveness of legislation and industry self regulation aimed at protecting online privacy. Three central issues are considered: consent, burden of protection and enforcement. The analysis suggests that neither course is mutually exclusive and that a consolidated approach provides a more effective level of protection and a more malleable framework to meet future needs.

Within translation studies, existing research on website translation and localization has tended to focus on technical, sociological, commercial and linguistic issues related to the websites of corporations or not-for-profit organizations. Less attention has been given to issues that arise when national, regional or local governments make their websites available in another language, either in whole or in part. To help address this gap, this article studies the Toronto.ca municipal website to discuss whether, how and why the City of Toronto offers translated information online. Drawing on data from the 2016 Canadian census and the city's translation policy documents, this article compares the city's linguistic profile with the kinds of information available on the city's website in languages other than English. The final section uses De Schutter's (De Schutter 2017) framework to study the City of Toronto's translation policies from a translation justice perspective, arguing that the policies largely focus on instrumental interests, with limited emphasis on identity interests, as evidenced by the Toronto.ca translation data. Some possible future research directions are also discussed.

Keywords: website translation, translation justice, translation policy, language policy, minority languages, traduction de sites Web, justice traductionnelle, politiques de traduction, politiques linguistiques, langues minoritaires, traducción de sitios web, equidad en la traducción, política de traducción, política lingüística, lenguas minoritarias

Translation Studies has recently engaged with microhistory, drawing on archival holdings. Though this is a welcome development, it runs the risk of slanting research into translatorship since such archives tend to entail a degree of cultural gatekeeping and therefore reflect an atypically high degree of literary capital on the translator's part, due to the translator's own participation in prestigious forms of authorship and/or their association with authors with high literary capital. Seeking to account for the more typical experience of translators with low agency and low literary capital, the article outlines an alternative historiographical approach: prosopography, or collective biography. It first draws on the author's research in archives devoted to other actors in the communications circuit, in which translators are a tangential presence. It studies nineteenth-century publishers' archives at the Institut Mémoires de l'édition contemporaine in Caen, France, focusing on the issue of translatorial agency in negotiating moral rights. The second approach reads an online translation community, the Emerging Translators' Network, as a non-custodial participatory archive. This offers translation historians an opportunity to study the ambitions of aspiring translators at the outset of their careers and provides insights into the successful career trajectories of those who eventually earn an archival presence in their own right.

Keywords: archivistique, prosopographie, microhistoire, historiographie, non-custodialité, archive studies, prosopography, microhistory, historiography, non-custodiality, archivística, prosopografía, microhistoria, historiografía, sin custodia

The Cameroonian government is committed to the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and relating policies in primary, secondary and university education, as shown by the number of awareness seminars organised in recent years and the significant budgets allocated to the various ministries responsible for the development of ICT. Wireless access points are available on university campuses. However, despite this apparent enthusiasm of the authorities, it appears that students' use of ICT does not follow any formal framing and is poorly mastered. In such a context, what link can be made between their use of ICT and their academic training?

Keywords: TIC, usage des TIC, formation académique, ICT, use of ICT, academic training

The development of digital technologies has transformed teaching and learning methods. This evolution has led to a revolution in pedagogical practices and to the introduction of innovative learning systems. Indeed, digital technologies open up new opportunities for innovative and diversified reading and writing practices and provide motivating contexts for learning languages. In this article, we will present the results of an educational experiment carried out in a French university aimed at the (co-)construction of mono- and multimodal texts from a three-stage didactic device. We will describe each of the steps of this device which seeks to promote a continuous and sustained use of digital tools and to question the impact these tools can have on the development of language skills as well as on the cognitive and technical skills associated with multimodal literacy.

Keywords: écriture collaborative, écriture numérique, multimodalité, clavardage, TIC, collaborative writing, digital writing, multimodality, chat, ICT

This essay seeks to re-evaluate nakshi kantha, a women's quilting tradition in Bengal, and reconfigure the discourse around it. The quilts came in various sizes and shapes, depending on what utility they served. The focus of this essay will be on specimens of the large rectangular pieces, meant to be coverlets or rugs to sit upon, that were called sujni kantha. The art of covering the quilted surface with elaborate patterns flourished in colonial Bengal in the nineteenth century. The sweeping changes in the sociopolitical fabric of the region that began with the ascendance of British power after the Battle of Plassey accelerated in the second part of the nineteenth century. The embroidered tableaux stitched into the surface of the sujni kantha bear witness to some of these rapid changes. The pieces, which were made in rural Bengal, have been collected in museums across the world, as well as in India. They emerged as collectors' objects around the 1930s, buoyed by a nationalist discourse that sought to foreground the spiritual autonomy of India in its long-standing traditions of art and craft. A product of women's labour inscribed with women's unique perspectives on change has thus been de-historicized and seen as idealized examples of women's service, patience, and cultural purity – values espoused by the nationalist elite of India. This article seeks to locate nakshi kantha within the specific historical circumstances of their production and circulation and to see them as registers of a specifically feminine perspective on social change. Partha Chatterjee's well-accepted thesis that binaries of inside/outside that developed in the latter half of colonial rule played out along gendered lines, enjoining a restrictive, homebound life upon women, requires qualification. The sujni kantha specimens I examine challenge colonial stereotypes of native women relegated to the shadowy inner quarters of zenanas stuck in time, while also resisting the nationalist construct of idealized Indian womanhood.