Documents found
-
2561.More information
The necropolis of Sur les Pâtureaux in Chichery (Yonne, France) was explored from 1981 to 1984 by J.-L. Tainturier, then by J.-P. Delor. Thirteen graves were uncovered over a surface of 600 m2 while the limits of the site have probably not been attained. Most of these graves are of the “ Balloy type”, which is identified in around a dozen sites in the Paris Basin. They associate a “ vault” installed within the grave and a defunct placed in a mobile container. They are attributed to the Cerny horizon. The tombs are installed in two to three rows following a north-west/ south-east axis, though we cannot assume they were included in one or several elongated monuments, as is often the case for this type of burial. The population includes a significant number of very young individuals, indicating either that the selection of the subjects was not based on age, or that the necropolis was divided into sectors based on this same criteria. The objects associated with the graves are few and consist only of worked flint objects, mainly arrowheads and picks. No macroscopic traces of use are visible on them. Such a lithic industry is not incongruous in the context of Balloy-type burials, but the absence of any other objects is elsewhere unknown. While Cerny is undeniably the primary reference for such a necropolis, some features of Sur les Pâtureaux voice caution. Though picks are frequent in the habitats of this culture, some of the weapon armatures are more closely associated with the Rössen and Chassey cultures. Moreover, the orientation of the graves is the one most frequently given in the Mittelneolithikum of Rhineland. The seven dates obtained situate the tombs before the middle of the 5th millennium, or in the first part of the Cerny horizon. They confirm that Balloy-type tombs exist in the Paris Basin from the very beginning of this horizon, with no relation to the pottery facies of the Cerny culture.
-
-
2563.More information
This study is about the potential impacts of blockchain technology on collaborative economy. The article consists of two parts, both resulting from the intersection of collaborative economy and blockchain technology. The first part focuses on collaborative consumption, that involves intensification of peer-to-peer exchanges, increased use of new technologies and a redefinition of busines activities. The second part discusses the organizational and managerial repercussions of blockchain technology on governance, transaction costs and user trust.
-
2564.More information
The rapid development of digital technologies in recent years has opened up an array of opportunities for citizens to become active and engaged, able to contribute to solving global political, socio-economic or socio-cultural problems. However, one can falter when faced with some of the challenges of cyberspace. As the world becomes more interconnected through digital tools, the concept of citizenship is changing radically. It is therefore essential to understand the challenges of digital technology and the wide-ranging implications of its globalization. This concern is reflected through the trend of including elements of digital citizenship in pedagogical objectives. Our literature review seeks to better define the phenomenon of digital citizenship and the skills needed to train active, engaged and responsible citizens, with the aim of proposing a model of digital citizenship. This contribution also seeks to identify promising teaching practices and conditions for successful digital education. Our study reveals the importance of developing digital citizenship from a young age.
-
2565.
-
-
2567.More information
SUMMARY. — This text is trying to explain why the future of non standard analysis may be dependant of a general transformation of the attitudes and the goals of mathematicians. In that purpose, a reflexion is pursued about the comparative meanings of the finite and the infinite in pre-formalist mathematics, formalist mathematics, and more specifically in formalist non standard mathematics ; this is done under the presupposition that these meanings are better analysed in « ethical » terms. In the first section, we tell the recent story of non standard analysis and present the alternative ways of conceiving its destiny today. In the second section, we recall the traditional debate of infinitesimal calculus and establish the fact that the new insights brought by non standard analysis must not be connected with the question of the validity or practicability of leibnizian calculus, but with the more general and « philosophical » question of the meaning of the infinitesimal. In the third section we introduce our concepts of « ethic register » and of « light-sense » opposed to « use-sense », on the base of wich we describe the mutation between « naive » mathematics and formal ones. In the fourth section, we apply these concepts to the notions of the finite and the infinite, and pretend to characterize as formal senses or « use-senses » the non standard senses of the finite and the infinite. We conclude by a new examination of the possible future of the non standard method.
-
2568.More information
Distinguishing two principal types of faith in equality, teleological and deontological egalitarianism, the article discusses the choice between two views about distributive justice : that we should aim for equality, and that we should give priority to benefiting these people who are worse off.
-
2569.More information
Studied between 1994 and 1998, the site located on Enez Vihan island revealed archaeological remains linked to sait production. This craft complex, dating from II-Ist centuries B.C., includes a workshop, small building with a stone architecture, with spécifie lay-out (kiln, tanks, pits) and an outhouse, a sort of lean-to, used as storage and refuse outlet. Besides a detailed analysis of the archaeological remains, including ceramics which are quite numerous for a site of this type, a shaped study of the « bnquetage » (bricks, hand-bricks and sait moulds), elements of which were collected dozen of kilos, offers the opportunity to evaluate the sait production for each batch. In view of the regional context and the comparative elements, especially with the nearby site of Landrellec, mis study leads to a technological characterisation of the sait production in Tregor during the late Iron Age.
Keywords: Iron Age, La Tène, Neolithic, salt-boiling workshop, building, kirn, tank, pit, briquetages, ceramics, iron, Age du Fer, La Tène, Néolithique, atelier de bouilleur de sel, bâtiment, four, cuve, fosse, éléments de briquetages, céramiques, fer
-
2570.More information
This article pertains to the attitudes in favour or against bilingualism displayed in the English Canadian public sphere. The paper is based on the analysis of close to 800 articles published in English Canadian newspapers between 2004 and 2009 and attempts a detailed analysis of the arguments used in the debate. The objective of this paper is to determine how each side understands the nature of Canada and how that comprehension informs both sides of the debate. The paper establishes that when criticizing bilingualism, critics of the policy tend to invoke pragmatic arguments. On the opposite side of the debate, proponents of bilingualism tend to use arguments that are idealistic in nature. The overwhelming impression one gets from this debate is that a dialogue is taking place in which every one seems deaf to the arguments of others.
Keywords: bilinguisme, politiques publiques, langues officielles, Canada, attitudes, bilingualism, public policy, official languages, Canada, attitudes