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Multiculturalism may be a mere will-o'-the-wisp masking a deeper transformation: generalized urbanization and the spread of urban culture. In France, the effects of urbanization were delayed up until the last three decades, when, for the first time, almost the entire younger generation were socialized and acculturalized in the urban milieu. For young immigrants, the city was a place of francization as well, where so-called ethnic conflict is more liable to occur, with the divisions falling between French nationals, European nationals accorded equivalent national status, and immigrants.The immigrant is he who is not French by origin; this discriminatory viewpoint denies to him both a nationality of his own and full French citizenship, so that he is ethnicized as Muslim, Black, Asiatic, etc. The so-called difference of origin and culture masks a racial differentiation separating Europe from the Third World.Under the aspect of multiculturalism, youth culture is disseminating urban culture and a new form of cosmopolitanism. This is the reflection of an underlying current of transnationalization, where the existence of a single national focus is being questioned and citizenship becoming dissociated from nationality.
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530.More information
Les cohortes d’immigrants maghrébins arrivés au Québec entre les décennies 1970 et 1990 arrivent progressivement à l’âge de la retraite. Pour la plupart issus de la catégorie de l’immigration économique, mais aussi venus comme étudiants, réfugiés, ou via le regroupement familial pour une proportion moindre d’entre eux, leurs motivations à quitter le Maghreb dépassaient les seules raisons économiques. Leur objectif était plus globalement d’améliorer leurs conditions de vie ainsi que celles de leurs enfants. Ces Maghrébins ont choisi le plus souvent Montréal comme lieu de vie, ville devenant le lieu d’un parcours migratoire truffé d’embuches, de défis mais aussi de réussites et de résilience. Les Maghrébins de Montréal ont suivi un parcours professionnel long et souvent difficile, à des degrés variables selon chacun. Leur insertion …