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Keywords: Communauté juive, Rhodes, tourisme, patrimoine, Grèce

The dependence of CSR of SMEs on local specificities is intense, and the nature of their responsible practices differs from one context to another, due to the strong embedding that characterizes them. Through this article, we explore the formal and informal institutions that define the CSR of SMEs and we identify its determinants in the Moroccan context. We propose a contextualization study that will lay the groundwork for SME CSR research in the specific contexts of Southern countries in general, and in Morocco in particular.

Keywords: RSE, PME, Institutions formelles, Institutions informelles, Contexte marocain, CSR, SME, Formal institutions, Informal institutions, Moroccan context, Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, PyME, Instituciones formales, Instituciones informales, Contexto marroquí

In recent years, the Québec state has been pursuing a “migratory utilitarianism” that the rhetoric of diversity merely extends. The implication behind its laws and policies seems to be that the high qualifications of migrants will preserve them from discrimination and racism and allow them to contribute to the economic development of Québec. Based on research carried out with forty skilled Moroccan migrants settled in Québec or returned to Morocco, this article first exposes the indicators on which identity attributions and forms of racism are based in their everyday lives. I then show how migrants classify and prioritize their experiences of racism. In the conclusion I discuss racism as a dynamic and a continuous experience and question how the rhetoric of diversity ultimately contributes to maintaining latent racism.

Keywords: Utilitarisme migratoire, diversité, discrimination, racisme vécu, Québec, Migratory utilitarianism, diversity, discrimination, experienced racism, Québec

Objective The central objective of this paper is to explore the dynamic interactions between 5 sets of variables, which are Sociodemographic Characteristics, Satisfaction with Life, Perceived Discrimination, Religiosity and Emotional Distress within Montreal's Tariqa Qadiriya Boudchichiya, a Muslim Sufi way whose origins are Moroccan and date back to the 18th century.Method As a method, we considered psychological distress as the dependent variable and performed univariate descriptive statistical analyzes, bivariate correlation analyzes (Pearson correlation), one-way ANOVA analyzes, and multivariate analyzes (linear regressions).Results Our results, although preliminary due to a relatively small sample (n = 56), allow us to put forward a new hypothesis suggesting that the intense spiritual practice that characterizes the Tariqa, would allow “a work of the self on self” through a set of “techniques of the self” (Foucault) that contribute to a certain emotional well-being, if not to mental health.Conclusion Our conclusion underlines the importance of investigating more in depth the possible contribution of religiosity to the subject's capacity to act on oneself in order to emerge as a spiritual, ethical and political subject.

Keywords: soufisme, religiosité, santé mentale/bien-être émotionnel, subjectivation, sufism, religiosity, mental health/emotionnal well-being, subjectivation

Based on various field investigations, this article traces the origins of the community reparation program in Morocco, a socio-economic and cultural development program supporting regions in which economic and social marginalization are perceived as linked to “gross violations of human rights” from the 1960s to the 1990s. Drawing on the sociology of public problems, the article considers the emergence and territorial development of “transitional justice” measures. Hence, we analyze the problematization of the territorialized effects of repression by small associative actors. They qualify situations and question the presence of secret detention centers and the resulting social and economic status of their localities. They call for public responses rooted in the particular territory of South-East Morocco. Then, we show that these associative actors propose a new de-singularization of repression : violence has no longer marked individuals or militant groups, but territories. This questioning resonates with international issues (“transitional justice” seized by development) and elements of the trajectories of the commissioners of the Equity and Reconciliation Commission, the Moroccan truth commission, leading to the development of public action nationwide.

Keywords: Maroc, Sud-Est, répression, réparation communautaire, ONG, action publique, Morocco, South East, repression, community reparation, NGO, public policy

The nocturnal dreams and sleep of the inhabitants of the Kallisté and Plan d'Aou housing estates, in the “northern districts” of Marseille, are understood in this article not only as the expression of subjectivities, but also as the mirror of a collective experience, a social experience and the characteristics of a territory. The aim is to explore the relationship that is woven between dreams and places, the latter being conceived as the context of the sleep experience, actors participating in the fabrication of dreams and protagonists of night-time experiences. This cross reflection between the places of life and the places of dreams takes shape through an urban ethnography carried out in a neighbourhood where migratory currents are, historically, on a large scale, and which shows how dreams participate in the re-elaboration of the migratory experience by allowing the return “to the country,” communication and crossbreeding between the different places that mark the life courses of the inhabitants.

Keywords: Cecconi, sommeil, rêve, migration, habiter, précarité, cité Kallisté, cité du Plan d'Aou, banlieue, Marseille, Cecconi, sleep, dreams, migration, dwelling, precariousness, Kallisté housing estate, Plan d'Aou housing estate, suburban area, Marseille, Cecconi, dormir, soñar, migración, habitar, precariedad, cité Kallisté, cité Plan D'Aou, suburbio, Marsella

This article probes the capacity of the water user associations in Morocco (AUEA) to strengthen the social and political positions of their leaders. More specifically, it asks whether these leaders thereby gain a new throughput legitimacy, based on election and the claim to represent a group; and an output legitimacy rooted in the regular delivery of a valuable service. To assess it, we study the – still ongoing-planning process of a small irrigated area (300 ha) located nearby Casablanca. At first glance, the project seems conducive to both types of legitimization. Because it is one of the only water user associations in the region, it can plausibly offer its directors a distinctive throughput legitimacy; while their output legitimacy might be enhanced by a project that is technologically innovative, as the water comes from a wastewater treatment plant. Despite these auspicious conditions, we show that the directors have seen their legitimacy weakened, both because of the deep social divisions within the group they must represent, and of the multiple delays surrounding the service delivery. Beyond circumstantial explanations, we identify a structural cause to these difficulties: the tension between a logic of participatory offloading by the Moroccan State, and the simultaneous reassertion of a developmental State that centralizes decisions and concentrates resources.

The study of the Muslim Brotherhood movement in Mauritania reveals its gradual transformations, from the restoration of the ideal of the lost caliphate to the centrist reformist ideology. They have adopted a different approach from their Egyptian counterparts in response to the social and political conditions of their country. Unlike Egypt, Mauritania is a tribal society codified by Islam as the religion of all Mauritanians, as well as a source of legislation, and dominated by authoritarian military regimes. In this context, the Mauritanian Brotherhood could not denounce the Islamic Republic as Jâhiliyya nor claim the Islamic State of Ḥākimmiyaẗ,. By adopting "Centrist Reformism," the Mauritanian Brotherhood reconciled Islamic Sharia and democracy, creating "Shuracracy," in order to form their party, participate in elections, and force the state to shed its military cap. This political turn had significant consequences for the Brotherhood in the desert. They have divided into two opposing currents: one supports the regime in place by borrowing a legitimist ideology, the other maintains opposition by upholding a contestatory ideology. This article mobilizes theories of utopia and ideology to show that the change experienced by the Mauritanian Brotherhood cannot be considered as a failure (Roy), but rather as an exit from utopia towards ideology. Thus, explaining this experience through the lens of utopia and ideology allows for a better understanding of the different dynamics that run through contemporary political Islam.

Keywords: islamisme, islam politique, Frères musulmans, salafisme, wahhabisme, utopie, idéologie, Mauritanie, Tewassoul, autoritarisme, militarisme, chouracratie, réformisme centriste, pragmatisme, démocratie, radicalisme, Sayyid Qutb