Search Results

With his desire to construct a general sociological theory, Guy Bajoit follows in the footsteps of most contemporary sociologists, some of whom are still in search of such a theory, while others have turned their backs on such a project, which is considered utopian and doomed to failure, or even undesirable. The “theoretical pluralism” that manifests itself as one of the aspects of the history of sociology provides capacities for elucidating the social by revolving around the object of study, but, according to the proponents of a general theory in sociology, prevents a unification of the discipline, which would be welcome. This article aims to show that if Guy Bajoit's efforts to achieve this unification of sociology are legitimate and if their objective can be considered desirable, it is more in the context of a collective debate that such a project must be posed than in that of an essentially personal research based on the author's past and present work.

Keywords: Théories sociologiques générales, histoire de la sociologie, histoire de la philosophie, pluralisme théorique, structuralisme génétique, sociologie dynamique, approche fonctionnaliste et stratégique, actionnisme, schèmes d'intelligibilité, réel, structures, sens, histoire, épistémologie, Bajoit, individualisme méthodologique complexe, temporalités, projet personnel, débat, General Sociological Theories, History of Sociology, History of Philosophy, Theoretical Pluralism, Genetic Structuralism, Dynamic Sociology, Functionalist and Strategic Approach, Actionism, Schemas of Intelligibility, Reality, Structures, Meaning, History, Epistemology, Bajoit, Complex Methodological Individualism, Temporalities, Personal Project, Debate

The purpose of this paper is to examine the specificity of the translation of texts dealing with abstract concepts, whether these texts come from social or human sciences or from philosophy. Indeed, besides common issues shared with literary translation, working on concepts in such texts requires from the translator particular attention and commitment. The investigations carried out by the translator to make his choices are often relegated behind the scientific scenes and support his own auctorial function. The specificity of this practice is analysed here in the light of two theoretical propositions: on the one hand, the distinction between thematic and operatory concepts, submitted by Eugen Fink. On the other, the distinction between shade-uncertainty and shift-uncertainty which comes from the philosophy of randomness. Bringing these category resources together allows all at once to clearly document this specific translational practice and to highlight some hypothesis about the task of the translator and his auctorial responsibility, in this particular translation field. The different argumentative stages of this paper are based on samples borrowed from some translation experiences (including translations of George Herbert Mead, Aristotle, The Qur'an and Paul Ricoeur).

Keywords: traduction, incertitude, responsabilité, concept thématique, sciences humaines, translation, uncertainty, responsibility, thematic concept, humanities

The ongoing discussion around the concept of activity is an invitation to question the theoretical development of sociology of work, from the foundational works of the 1950s and 1960s, through several successive paradigmatic shifts, up to today's issues. The theoretical reading we are pursuing is therefore that of a gradual turning away from practised work that has ended up focusing instead on the organization, at least among the most visible currents of academic and public space. Within this framework, we consider the notion of activity as an effort to refocus the sociological perspective on work in acts that are carried out and experienced by wage earners, and at the same time as an alternative to the notion of unspecialized work (under its allegedly interchangeable, cognitive or digital form).

Keywords: activation, automatisme social, agir communicationnel, conscience ouvrière, travail sans qualités, activation, social automatism, communicative action, workers' consciousness, unspecialized work, activación, automatismo social, actuar comunicacional, conciencia obrera, trabajos sin cualidades

Since the 2000s, the museal sector has had to face the combined challenges of sustainabilty, a fresh range of management tools coming from “new management,” and the digital revolution. While there was no real organizational disruption, several strategic behavioral patterns were observed. In fact, this changing environment brought about a progressive implementation of new tools and practises within cultural organizations. It seems important today to reevalute these organizations' management strategies, particularly in the context of increasing globalization. First of all, there must be an awareness of research in this field to allow for the proposal of a theoretical framework that can provide the elements of comprehension of the functioning of today's museal organizations. Analysis of the three examples of integrating a policy of sustainable development will then lead to a concrete illustration of the challenges to be met in order to conclude which contemporary issues museal management must meet today and in the future.

Forest ecosystems, which provide multiple goods and services to humans, face various anthropogenic and climatic pressures. However, the establishment of certain protected areas by authorities alters the lifestyle and organization of local populations, particularly in Africa. This research analyzes the factors contributing to the degradation of the Alibori Superieur Classified Forest in Benin. The primary data collection methods used were semi-structured interviews and cartographic data analysis. Sampling was based on purposive selection targeting a diverse profile, followed by the snowball technique, which enabled interviews with fifty participants, including forest rangers, local elected officials, and neighboring populations. This research draws on the strategic perspective of Crozier and Friedberg (2014). Geospatial results show a significant reduction in the forested area, with open forest and wooded savannah decreasing from 57,911 ha in 2000 to 4,740 ha in 2022. Furthermore, the data reveal that the clandestine expansion of agricultural lands and agropastoral activities within the forest by neighboring populations are the primary causes of this degradation. Additionally, the management and conservation regulations implemented have led to circumvention strategies, thereby accelerating the degradation and overexploitation of natural resources. Local populations, who have inhabited the area for several generations long before the forest was classified in 1955, maintain a deep-rooted sense of belonging and legitimate rights to these lands, which they perceive as their ancestral heritage. This connection, combined with their livelihood activities centered on agriculture and livestock farming, poses a persistent threat to the ecosystem's balance while exacerbating tensions among the forest's various users.

Keywords: aire protégée, pression anthropique, agropastorale, stratégies de contournement, Bénin, protected areas, anthropogenic pressure, agropastoral, evasion strategies, Benin