Documents found
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353.More information
ABSTRACTAmong the range of public policies for children are those involving the organisation of children's municipal councils. They are quite innovative in the way they link the world of childhood to political space. They put children onto the political stage, via an allegory of the game of politics, even as their promoters all the while deny that they have any political motive and claim they are only encouraging a more noble form of politics. This staging is at a minimum paradoxical, but it is also effective with respect to local political issues. The political naivete of the children protects them from criticism. Nonetheless, despite the appearance of being a-political, the representations of the child and the citizen that underpin these local events reveal conflicts which are truly political, whether partisan or simply strategic. Children's place as actors in a local political space remains limited.
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358.More information
The purpose of this study is to analyze the origins of the idea of tolérance in Lazare Carnot. They can be explicitly located in the thinking of the Encyclopedists, which I examine in light of the article "Tolérance" appearing in the Ency clopédieof Diderot and D'Alembert. In this article, the notion of tolérance is developed in terms of three différent spheres of knowledge : theology, ethics, and politics. In the second portion of this study, Carnot's philosophical conception is contrasted with its practical applications — in other words, the Encyclopedist is confronted with the politician, during a career framed by the French Revolution. The key moment for analyzing this opposition is theTerror ; then, as a member of the Convention^ Committee of Public Safety, Carnot was acutely confronted with the problem of the coexistence of political radicalism with tolerance. Thus.two notions — "public safety" and, precisely, "Tolérance" — appear beyond the limitsof tolerance. In this study, these limits are shown to have not been imposed by the situation of revolutionary urgency but instead as having already been conceived by the Encyclopedists of the Enlightenment.
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359.More information
The Quebec municipal political scene is experiencing a rapid increase in the number of political parties in cities of all sizes. This article analyzes the effects of the presence of political municipal parties on the conquest and exercise of municipal power. Our research is motivated by the presumption that the onset of this proliferation is part of a “Westminsterization” process of municipal politics, that is to say, a polarization between a government and its opposition in municipal politics. In order to explore this hypothesis, we analyze Quebec political municipal parties from three angles that have been identified in literature on their national counterparts, namely, their role of organization, the electoral machine, and representation and governance. Our analysis shows that Quebec municipal political parties resemble their provincial and federal counterparts in many respects. They recruit candidates with the aim to get them elected. Moreover, through the intermediary of their elected government officials, they take part in decision-making, and even in structuring the decision-making process. Nevertheless, Quebec municipal parties have not yet become fully assimilated to provincial and federal parties to the extent that they exhibit a lower degree of formalization, manifested, among others, in a looser control over their staff and crew, a more pronounced role of the chief candidate for the position of mayor, and less assurance of the longevity of partisan organizations.
Keywords: Partis politiques municipaux, régime de Westminster, élections municipales, Québec, municipal political parties, Westminster system, municipal elections, Quebec
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360.More information
Barack Obama has understood early on the force of the independents in the contemporary US political landscape, and how to deal with this reality. It is these profound social and electoral trends that motivate the American president to implement a pragmatic, center-left program.